Partial volume correction for improved PET quantification in (18)F-NaF imaging of atherosclerotic plaques

BACKGROUND: Accurate quantification of plaque imaging using (18)F-NaF PET requires partial volume correction (PVC). METHODS: PVC of PET data was implemented by the use of a local projection (LP) method. LP-based PVC was evaluated with an image quality (NEMA) and with a thorax phantom with “plaque-type” lesions of 18-36 mL. The validated PVC method was then applied to a cohort of 17 patients, each with at least one plaque in the carotid or ascending aortic arteries. In total, 51 calcified (HU > 110) and 16 non-calcified plaque lesions (HU < 110) were analyzed. The lesion-to-background ratio (LBR) and the relative change of LBR (ΔLBR) were measured on PET. RESULTS: Following PVC, LBR of the spheres (NEMA phantom) was within 10% of the original values. LBR of the thoracic lesions increased by 155% to 440% when the LP-PVC method was applied to the PET images. In patients, PVC increased the LBR in both calcified [mean = 78% (−8% to 227%)] and non-calcified plaques [mean = 41%, (−9%-104%)]. CONCLUSIONS: PVC helps to improve LBR of plaque-type lesions in both phantom studies and clinical patients. Better results were obtained when the PVC method was applied to images reconstructed with point spread function modeling. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12350-017-0778-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.