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Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells

Althaea rosea (Linn.) is a medicinal plant from China and Korea that has been traditionally used to control inflammation, to stop bedwetting and as a mouthwash in cases of bleeding gums. Its flowers are employed medicinally for their emollient, demulcent and diuretic properties, which make them usef...

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Autores principales: Kim, Yon-Suk, Kim, Eun-Kyung, Nawarathna, Weligala Pahalagedara Amila Srilal, Dong, Xin, Shin, Woen-Bin, Park, Jin-Su, Moon, Sang-Ho, Park, Pyo-Jam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6154003/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28441343
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050679
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author Kim, Yon-Suk
Kim, Eun-Kyung
Nawarathna, Weligala Pahalagedara Amila Srilal
Dong, Xin
Shin, Woen-Bin
Park, Jin-Su
Moon, Sang-Ho
Park, Pyo-Jam
author_facet Kim, Yon-Suk
Kim, Eun-Kyung
Nawarathna, Weligala Pahalagedara Amila Srilal
Dong, Xin
Shin, Woen-Bin
Park, Jin-Su
Moon, Sang-Ho
Park, Pyo-Jam
author_sort Kim, Yon-Suk
collection PubMed
description Althaea rosea (Linn.) is a medicinal plant from China and Korea that has been traditionally used to control inflammation, to stop bedwetting and as a mouthwash in cases of bleeding gums. Its flowers are employed medicinally for their emollient, demulcent and diuretic properties, which make them useful in chest complaints. Furthermore, a flower extract decoction is used to improve blood circulation, for the treatment of constipation, dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhages, etc. However, the possible mechanisms of the immune-stimulatory effect remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of Althaea rosea flower (ARF) extracts in the immune-stimulatory effect of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms of action. ARF water extract (ARFW) could dose-dependently increase NO production and cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). We also found that ARFW significantly increased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with these results, MAPK protein (JNK, ERK, p38) expression levels were induced after treatment with ARFW. Additionally, ARFW showed a marked increase in the phosphorylation level of IκBα and subsequent IκBα degradation allowing NF-κB nuclear translocation. These results suggest that the immune-stimulatory effect of A. rosea flower extracts is mediated through the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus from the cytoplasm and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and other mediators (iNOS and COX-2), which occurs mainly through MAPK signalling pathway. Thus, we suggest that ARFW could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent useful in the development of immune-stimulatory compounds.
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spelling pubmed-61540032018-11-13 Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells Kim, Yon-Suk Kim, Eun-Kyung Nawarathna, Weligala Pahalagedara Amila Srilal Dong, Xin Shin, Woen-Bin Park, Jin-Su Moon, Sang-Ho Park, Pyo-Jam Molecules Article Althaea rosea (Linn.) is a medicinal plant from China and Korea that has been traditionally used to control inflammation, to stop bedwetting and as a mouthwash in cases of bleeding gums. Its flowers are employed medicinally for their emollient, demulcent and diuretic properties, which make them useful in chest complaints. Furthermore, a flower extract decoction is used to improve blood circulation, for the treatment of constipation, dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhages, etc. However, the possible mechanisms of the immune-stimulatory effect remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of Althaea rosea flower (ARF) extracts in the immune-stimulatory effect of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms of action. ARF water extract (ARFW) could dose-dependently increase NO production and cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). We also found that ARFW significantly increased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with these results, MAPK protein (JNK, ERK, p38) expression levels were induced after treatment with ARFW. Additionally, ARFW showed a marked increase in the phosphorylation level of IκBα and subsequent IκBα degradation allowing NF-κB nuclear translocation. These results suggest that the immune-stimulatory effect of A. rosea flower extracts is mediated through the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus from the cytoplasm and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and other mediators (iNOS and COX-2), which occurs mainly through MAPK signalling pathway. Thus, we suggest that ARFW could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent useful in the development of immune-stimulatory compounds. MDPI 2017-04-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6154003/ /pubmed/28441343 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050679 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kim, Yon-Suk
Kim, Eun-Kyung
Nawarathna, Weligala Pahalagedara Amila Srilal
Dong, Xin
Shin, Woen-Bin
Park, Jin-Su
Moon, Sang-Ho
Park, Pyo-Jam
Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells
title Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells
title_full Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells
title_fullStr Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells
title_full_unstemmed Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells
title_short Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Althaea rosea Flower Extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells
title_sort immune-stimulatory effects of althaea rosea flower extracts through the mapk signaling pathway in raw264.7 cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6154003/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28441343
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050679
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