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Relationship between Expression of Chalcone Synthase Genes and Chromones in Artificial Agarwood induced by Formic Acid Stimulation Combined with Fusarium sp. A2 Inoculation

Agarwood (gaharu) is a fragrant resin produced in the heartwood of resinous Gyrinops and Aquilaria species. Artificial agarwood samples were obtained from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg using formic acid (FA) stimulation combined with Fusarium sp. A2 inoculation. The relationship between the expres...

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Autores principales: Chen, Xiaodong, Zhu, Xiaoling, Feng, Meirou, Zhong, Zhaojian, Zhou, Xin, Chen, Xiaoying, Ye, Wei, Zhang, Weimin, Gao, Xiaoxia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6154532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28441359
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050686
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author Chen, Xiaodong
Zhu, Xiaoling
Feng, Meirou
Zhong, Zhaojian
Zhou, Xin
Chen, Xiaoying
Ye, Wei
Zhang, Weimin
Gao, Xiaoxia
author_facet Chen, Xiaodong
Zhu, Xiaoling
Feng, Meirou
Zhong, Zhaojian
Zhou, Xin
Chen, Xiaoying
Ye, Wei
Zhang, Weimin
Gao, Xiaoxia
author_sort Chen, Xiaodong
collection PubMed
description Agarwood (gaharu) is a fragrant resin produced in the heartwood of resinous Gyrinops and Aquilaria species. Artificial agarwood samples were obtained from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg using formic acid (FA) stimulation combined with Fusarium sp. A2 inoculation. The relationship between the expression of chalcone synthase genes (CHS) and dynamic changes in chromone content was explored in resin-deposited parts of the trunks of A. sinensis. CHS gene expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR analysis. The chemical composition of agarwood obtained from the heartwood of A. sinensis before and within 1 year after induction was determined by GC-MS. After induction with FA stimulation combined with F. sp. A2 inoculation, the CHS1 gene showed relatively high expression, whereas the CHS2 gene showed low expression. The relative gene expression level of CHS1 peaked at 12 months, with a 153.1-fold increase, and the dominant period of the CHS2 gene expression was 10 months with a 14.13-fold increase. Moreover, chromones were not detected until after 2 months, and a large proportion of chromone compounds were detected after 4 months. Chromone content increased with time and peaked at 12 months. CHS1 gene expression was significantly correlated with 6-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone accumulation, and CHS2 gene expression was significantly correlated with 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone accumulation. CHS gene expression was extremely sensitive to FA stimulation combined with F. sp. A2 inoculation and responded to late-onset injury. CHS genes expression also preceded the chromone accumulation. This work laid the foundation for studies on the mechanism by which genes regulate chromone biosynthesis pathways during the formation of agarwood resin in A. sinensis.
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spelling pubmed-61545322018-11-13 Relationship between Expression of Chalcone Synthase Genes and Chromones in Artificial Agarwood induced by Formic Acid Stimulation Combined with Fusarium sp. A2 Inoculation Chen, Xiaodong Zhu, Xiaoling Feng, Meirou Zhong, Zhaojian Zhou, Xin Chen, Xiaoying Ye, Wei Zhang, Weimin Gao, Xiaoxia Molecules Article Agarwood (gaharu) is a fragrant resin produced in the heartwood of resinous Gyrinops and Aquilaria species. Artificial agarwood samples were obtained from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg using formic acid (FA) stimulation combined with Fusarium sp. A2 inoculation. The relationship between the expression of chalcone synthase genes (CHS) and dynamic changes in chromone content was explored in resin-deposited parts of the trunks of A. sinensis. CHS gene expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR analysis. The chemical composition of agarwood obtained from the heartwood of A. sinensis before and within 1 year after induction was determined by GC-MS. After induction with FA stimulation combined with F. sp. A2 inoculation, the CHS1 gene showed relatively high expression, whereas the CHS2 gene showed low expression. The relative gene expression level of CHS1 peaked at 12 months, with a 153.1-fold increase, and the dominant period of the CHS2 gene expression was 10 months with a 14.13-fold increase. Moreover, chromones were not detected until after 2 months, and a large proportion of chromone compounds were detected after 4 months. Chromone content increased with time and peaked at 12 months. CHS1 gene expression was significantly correlated with 6-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone accumulation, and CHS2 gene expression was significantly correlated with 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone accumulation. CHS gene expression was extremely sensitive to FA stimulation combined with F. sp. A2 inoculation and responded to late-onset injury. CHS genes expression also preceded the chromone accumulation. This work laid the foundation for studies on the mechanism by which genes regulate chromone biosynthesis pathways during the formation of agarwood resin in A. sinensis. MDPI 2017-04-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6154532/ /pubmed/28441359 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050686 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Xiaodong
Zhu, Xiaoling
Feng, Meirou
Zhong, Zhaojian
Zhou, Xin
Chen, Xiaoying
Ye, Wei
Zhang, Weimin
Gao, Xiaoxia
Relationship between Expression of Chalcone Synthase Genes and Chromones in Artificial Agarwood induced by Formic Acid Stimulation Combined with Fusarium sp. A2 Inoculation
title Relationship between Expression of Chalcone Synthase Genes and Chromones in Artificial Agarwood induced by Formic Acid Stimulation Combined with Fusarium sp. A2 Inoculation
title_full Relationship between Expression of Chalcone Synthase Genes and Chromones in Artificial Agarwood induced by Formic Acid Stimulation Combined with Fusarium sp. A2 Inoculation
title_fullStr Relationship between Expression of Chalcone Synthase Genes and Chromones in Artificial Agarwood induced by Formic Acid Stimulation Combined with Fusarium sp. A2 Inoculation
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between Expression of Chalcone Synthase Genes and Chromones in Artificial Agarwood induced by Formic Acid Stimulation Combined with Fusarium sp. A2 Inoculation
title_short Relationship between Expression of Chalcone Synthase Genes and Chromones in Artificial Agarwood induced by Formic Acid Stimulation Combined with Fusarium sp. A2 Inoculation
title_sort relationship between expression of chalcone synthase genes and chromones in artificial agarwood induced by formic acid stimulation combined with fusarium sp. a2 inoculation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6154532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28441359
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050686
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