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Lagrangian-like Volume Tracking Paradigm for Mass, Momentum and Energy of Nearshore Tsunamis and Damping Mechanism

There is a gap between model- or theory-based research outputs, which suggest that the runup and amplification of nonbreaking waves generally increase as the sea bottom slopes decrease, and field observations, which indicate that tsunami damage has been rarely reported in places with vast continenta...

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Autores principales: Kim, Dae-Hong, Son, Sangyoung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6155013/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30242171
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32439-6
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author Kim, Dae-Hong
Son, Sangyoung
author_facet Kim, Dae-Hong
Son, Sangyoung
author_sort Kim, Dae-Hong
collection PubMed
description There is a gap between model- or theory-based research outputs, which suggest that the runup and amplification of nonbreaking waves generally increase as the sea bottom slopes decrease, and field observations, which indicate that tsunami damage has been rarely reported in places with vast continental shelfs. To resolve this contradiction, we propose a Lagrangian-like volume tracking paradigm to describe the energy, mass, and momentum of travelling nearshore tsunamis and apply the paradigm to analyse the tsunami damping mechanism at typical geophysical scales. The results support the following conclusions: (i) The suggested paradigm is consistent with field observations; continental shelfs with long and mild slopes can effectively diminish tsunami impacts. (ii) Potential energy becomes significant due to the energy transformation process on steeply sloped bathymetries. (iii) On mild-sloped bathymetries, tsunami potential and kinetic energies are conserved until breaking occurs. After breaking, undular bores attenuate tsunami energies effectively. (iv) For extended continental shelf bathymetries, more of the tsunami mass is reflected offshore.
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spelling pubmed-61550132018-09-28 Lagrangian-like Volume Tracking Paradigm for Mass, Momentum and Energy of Nearshore Tsunamis and Damping Mechanism Kim, Dae-Hong Son, Sangyoung Sci Rep Article There is a gap between model- or theory-based research outputs, which suggest that the runup and amplification of nonbreaking waves generally increase as the sea bottom slopes decrease, and field observations, which indicate that tsunami damage has been rarely reported in places with vast continental shelfs. To resolve this contradiction, we propose a Lagrangian-like volume tracking paradigm to describe the energy, mass, and momentum of travelling nearshore tsunamis and apply the paradigm to analyse the tsunami damping mechanism at typical geophysical scales. The results support the following conclusions: (i) The suggested paradigm is consistent with field observations; continental shelfs with long and mild slopes can effectively diminish tsunami impacts. (ii) Potential energy becomes significant due to the energy transformation process on steeply sloped bathymetries. (iii) On mild-sloped bathymetries, tsunami potential and kinetic energies are conserved until breaking occurs. After breaking, undular bores attenuate tsunami energies effectively. (iv) For extended continental shelf bathymetries, more of the tsunami mass is reflected offshore. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6155013/ /pubmed/30242171 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32439-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Kim, Dae-Hong
Son, Sangyoung
Lagrangian-like Volume Tracking Paradigm for Mass, Momentum and Energy of Nearshore Tsunamis and Damping Mechanism
title Lagrangian-like Volume Tracking Paradigm for Mass, Momentum and Energy of Nearshore Tsunamis and Damping Mechanism
title_full Lagrangian-like Volume Tracking Paradigm for Mass, Momentum and Energy of Nearshore Tsunamis and Damping Mechanism
title_fullStr Lagrangian-like Volume Tracking Paradigm for Mass, Momentum and Energy of Nearshore Tsunamis and Damping Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed Lagrangian-like Volume Tracking Paradigm for Mass, Momentum and Energy of Nearshore Tsunamis and Damping Mechanism
title_short Lagrangian-like Volume Tracking Paradigm for Mass, Momentum and Energy of Nearshore Tsunamis and Damping Mechanism
title_sort lagrangian-like volume tracking paradigm for mass, momentum and energy of nearshore tsunamis and damping mechanism
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6155013/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30242171
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32439-6
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