A rare case of a right common iliac venous aneurysm imitating a neoplastic tumour

BACKGROUND: Aneurysms of the deep lower limbs veins are extremely rare. Diagnosis of such conditions may be confusing and suggest the presence of a neoplastic lesion. CASE PRESENTATION: We herein report a case of a 68-year-old woman who was admitted with a large vein tumour revealed by sonography and computed tomography. A direct phlebography revealed a large venous aneurysm of the right common iliac vein with an adhering thrombus and a large collateral circulation. Anticoagulant treatment and compression with an elastic stocking were initiated because the patient refused surgical treatment. A 2-year follow-up showed no aneurysm growth or thromboembolic complications. CONCLUSIONS: We show herein that conservative management can be effective and safe in cases of this rare condition.