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A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes
Restriction Modification (RM) systems prevent the invasion of foreign genetic material into bacterial cells by restriction and protect the host's genetic material by methylation. They are therefore important in maintaining the integrity of the host genome. RM systems are currently classified in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6158711/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30165537 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky760 |
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author | Bower, Edward K M Cooper, Laurie P Roberts, Gareth A White, John H Luyten, Yvette Morgan, Richard D Dryden, David T F |
author_facet | Bower, Edward K M Cooper, Laurie P Roberts, Gareth A White, John H Luyten, Yvette Morgan, Richard D Dryden, David T F |
author_sort | Bower, Edward K M |
collection | PubMed |
description | Restriction Modification (RM) systems prevent the invasion of foreign genetic material into bacterial cells by restriction and protect the host's genetic material by methylation. They are therefore important in maintaining the integrity of the host genome. RM systems are currently classified into four types (I to IV) on the basis of differences in composition, target recognition, cofactors and the manner in which they cleave DNA. Comparing the structures of the different types, similarities can be observed suggesting an evolutionary link between these different types. This work describes the ‘deconstruction’ of a large Type I RM enzyme into forms structurally similar to smaller Type II RM enzymes in an effort to elucidate the pathway taken by Nature to form these different RM enzymes. Based upon the ability to engineer new enzymes from the Type I ‘scaffold’, an evolutionary pathway and the evolutionary pressures required to move along the pathway from Type I RM systems to Type II RM systems are proposed. Experiments to test the evolutionary model are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6158711 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61587112018-10-02 A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes Bower, Edward K M Cooper, Laurie P Roberts, Gareth A White, John H Luyten, Yvette Morgan, Richard D Dryden, David T F Nucleic Acids Res Nucleic Acid Enzymes Restriction Modification (RM) systems prevent the invasion of foreign genetic material into bacterial cells by restriction and protect the host's genetic material by methylation. They are therefore important in maintaining the integrity of the host genome. RM systems are currently classified into four types (I to IV) on the basis of differences in composition, target recognition, cofactors and the manner in which they cleave DNA. Comparing the structures of the different types, similarities can be observed suggesting an evolutionary link between these different types. This work describes the ‘deconstruction’ of a large Type I RM enzyme into forms structurally similar to smaller Type II RM enzymes in an effort to elucidate the pathway taken by Nature to form these different RM enzymes. Based upon the ability to engineer new enzymes from the Type I ‘scaffold’, an evolutionary pathway and the evolutionary pressures required to move along the pathway from Type I RM systems to Type II RM systems are proposed. Experiments to test the evolutionary model are discussed. Oxford University Press 2018-09-28 2018-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6158711/ /pubmed/30165537 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky760 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Nucleic Acid Enzymes Bower, Edward K M Cooper, Laurie P Roberts, Gareth A White, John H Luyten, Yvette Morgan, Richard D Dryden, David T F A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes |
title | A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes |
title_full | A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes |
title_fullStr | A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes |
title_full_unstemmed | A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes |
title_short | A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes |
title_sort | model for the evolution of prokaryotic dna restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of type i restriction-modification enzymes |
topic | Nucleic Acid Enzymes |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6158711/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30165537 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky760 |
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