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Foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: A 3-year longitudinal study

OBJECTIVE: The unique foot morphology and distinctive functions facilitate complex tasks and strategies such as standing, walking, and running. In those weight-bearing activities, postural stability (PS) plays an important role. Correlations among foot type, PS, and other musculoskeletal problems th...

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Autores principales: Marencakova, Jitka, Maly, Tomas, Sugimoto, Dai, Gryc, Tomas, Zahalka, Frantisek
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6162085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30265689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204578
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author Marencakova, Jitka
Maly, Tomas
Sugimoto, Dai
Gryc, Tomas
Zahalka, Frantisek
author_facet Marencakova, Jitka
Maly, Tomas
Sugimoto, Dai
Gryc, Tomas
Zahalka, Frantisek
author_sort Marencakova, Jitka
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: The unique foot morphology and distinctive functions facilitate complex tasks and strategies such as standing, walking, and running. In those weight-bearing activities, postural stability (PS) plays an important role. Correlations among foot type, PS, and other musculoskeletal problems that increase sport injury risk are known. However, long-term associations among the foot type, the PS, and body weight (BW) distribution are lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to longitudinally identify changes in foot morphology, PS, and symmetry in BW distribution during adolescence among elite male soccer players. METHODS: Thirty-five Czech elite male soccer players (age, 15.49 ± 0.61 years; BW, 64.11 ± 6.16 kg; body height, 174.62 ± 5.71 cm) underwent foot type, PS, and BW distribution measurements during 3 consecutive years (T1, T2, T3). The Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI), BW distribution, and centre of pressure (COP) displacement (total traveled way [TTW]) of each player for the preferred (PL) and non-preferred leg (NL) were acquired. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA), Bonferroni´s post hoc tests, and partial eta-squared (η(p)(2)) coefficient were used for investigating the effect of time on selected variables and effect size evaluation. RESULTS: Statistically significant effect of time on CSI values (PL: F(2,68) = 5.08, p < 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.13 and NL: F(2,68) = 10.87, p < 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.24) and COP displacement values (PL: F(2,68) = 5.07, p <0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.13; NL: F(2,68) = 3.53, p <0.05, η(p)(2) = 0.09) for both legs over 3-years period was identified. Furthermore, the Bonferroni´s post hoc analysis revealed a significant improvement of PS values in the PL (TTW(T1) = 1617.11 ± 520.22 mm vs. TTW(T2) = 1405.29 ± 462.76, p < 0.05; and between TTW(T1) = 1617.11 ± 520.22 mm vs. TTW(T3) = 1370.46 ± 373.94, p < 0.05). Only BW distribution parameter showed no significant differences, although slightly improved over time. CONCLUSIONS: We observed changes in foot typology, PS, and BW distribution in young elite male soccer players during 3 consecutive years. Results demonstrated that changes in PS and body weight distribution under the high-load sport conditions during adolescence may improve with aging, except for foot morphology. Therefore, foot morphology should be carefully monitored to minimize sport injury risk in professional young soccer players during adolescence. Further research is necessary to determine more clear associations between these parameters, soccer-related injuries, and sport performances.
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spelling pubmed-61620852018-10-19 Foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: A 3-year longitudinal study Marencakova, Jitka Maly, Tomas Sugimoto, Dai Gryc, Tomas Zahalka, Frantisek PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: The unique foot morphology and distinctive functions facilitate complex tasks and strategies such as standing, walking, and running. In those weight-bearing activities, postural stability (PS) plays an important role. Correlations among foot type, PS, and other musculoskeletal problems that increase sport injury risk are known. However, long-term associations among the foot type, the PS, and body weight (BW) distribution are lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to longitudinally identify changes in foot morphology, PS, and symmetry in BW distribution during adolescence among elite male soccer players. METHODS: Thirty-five Czech elite male soccer players (age, 15.49 ± 0.61 years; BW, 64.11 ± 6.16 kg; body height, 174.62 ± 5.71 cm) underwent foot type, PS, and BW distribution measurements during 3 consecutive years (T1, T2, T3). The Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI), BW distribution, and centre of pressure (COP) displacement (total traveled way [TTW]) of each player for the preferred (PL) and non-preferred leg (NL) were acquired. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA), Bonferroni´s post hoc tests, and partial eta-squared (η(p)(2)) coefficient were used for investigating the effect of time on selected variables and effect size evaluation. RESULTS: Statistically significant effect of time on CSI values (PL: F(2,68) = 5.08, p < 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.13 and NL: F(2,68) = 10.87, p < 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.24) and COP displacement values (PL: F(2,68) = 5.07, p <0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.13; NL: F(2,68) = 3.53, p <0.05, η(p)(2) = 0.09) for both legs over 3-years period was identified. Furthermore, the Bonferroni´s post hoc analysis revealed a significant improvement of PS values in the PL (TTW(T1) = 1617.11 ± 520.22 mm vs. TTW(T2) = 1405.29 ± 462.76, p < 0.05; and between TTW(T1) = 1617.11 ± 520.22 mm vs. TTW(T3) = 1370.46 ± 373.94, p < 0.05). Only BW distribution parameter showed no significant differences, although slightly improved over time. CONCLUSIONS: We observed changes in foot typology, PS, and BW distribution in young elite male soccer players during 3 consecutive years. Results demonstrated that changes in PS and body weight distribution under the high-load sport conditions during adolescence may improve with aging, except for foot morphology. Therefore, foot morphology should be carefully monitored to minimize sport injury risk in professional young soccer players during adolescence. Further research is necessary to determine more clear associations between these parameters, soccer-related injuries, and sport performances. Public Library of Science 2018-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6162085/ /pubmed/30265689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204578 Text en © 2018 Marencakova et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Marencakova, Jitka
Maly, Tomas
Sugimoto, Dai
Gryc, Tomas
Zahalka, Frantisek
Foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: A 3-year longitudinal study
title Foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: A 3-year longitudinal study
title_full Foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: A 3-year longitudinal study
title_fullStr Foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: A 3-year longitudinal study
title_full_unstemmed Foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: A 3-year longitudinal study
title_short Foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: A 3-year longitudinal study
title_sort foot typology, body weight distribution, and postural stability of adolescent elite soccer players: a 3-year longitudinal study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6162085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30265689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204578
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