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Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Illegally Imported Food Products into the European Union Harbor Different Virulence Factor Variants
Unregulated international flow of foods poses a danger to human health, as it may be contaminated with pathogens. Recent studies have investigated neglected routes of pathogen transmission and reported the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in food illegally imported into the European Union (EU),...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6162745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142903 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9090428 |
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author | Rychli, Kathrin Stessl, Beatrix Szakmary-Brändle, Kati Strauß, Anja Wagner, Martin Schoder, Dagmar |
author_facet | Rychli, Kathrin Stessl, Beatrix Szakmary-Brändle, Kati Strauß, Anja Wagner, Martin Schoder, Dagmar |
author_sort | Rychli, Kathrin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Unregulated international flow of foods poses a danger to human health, as it may be contaminated with pathogens. Recent studies have investigated neglected routes of pathogen transmission and reported the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in food illegally imported into the European Union (EU), either confiscated at four international airports or sold illegally on the Romanian black market. In this study we investigated the genotype diversity and the amino acid sequence variability of three main virulence factors of 57 L. monocytogenes isolates. These isolates were derived from 1474 food samples illegally imported into the EU and originated from 17 different countries. Multilocus sequence typing revealed 16 different sequence types (STs) indicating moderate genotype diversity. The most prevalent STs were ST2, ST9, and ST121. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis resulted in 34 unique pulsotypes. PFGE types assigned to the most prevalent STs (ST2, ST9, and ST121) were highly related in their genetic fingerprint. Internalin A (InlA) was present in 20 variants, including six truncated InlA variants, all harbored by isolates of ST9 and ST121. We detected eight ST-specific listeriolysin O (LLO) variants, and among them, one truncated form. The actin-assembly-inducing protein ActA was present in 15 different ST-specific variants, including four ActA variants with an internal truncation. In conclusion, this study shows that L. monocytogenes, isolated from illegally imported food, have moderate genotype diversity, but diverse virulence factors variants, mainly of InlA. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6162745 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61627452018-10-10 Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Illegally Imported Food Products into the European Union Harbor Different Virulence Factor Variants Rychli, Kathrin Stessl, Beatrix Szakmary-Brändle, Kati Strauß, Anja Wagner, Martin Schoder, Dagmar Genes (Basel) Article Unregulated international flow of foods poses a danger to human health, as it may be contaminated with pathogens. Recent studies have investigated neglected routes of pathogen transmission and reported the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in food illegally imported into the European Union (EU), either confiscated at four international airports or sold illegally on the Romanian black market. In this study we investigated the genotype diversity and the amino acid sequence variability of three main virulence factors of 57 L. monocytogenes isolates. These isolates were derived from 1474 food samples illegally imported into the EU and originated from 17 different countries. Multilocus sequence typing revealed 16 different sequence types (STs) indicating moderate genotype diversity. The most prevalent STs were ST2, ST9, and ST121. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis resulted in 34 unique pulsotypes. PFGE types assigned to the most prevalent STs (ST2, ST9, and ST121) were highly related in their genetic fingerprint. Internalin A (InlA) was present in 20 variants, including six truncated InlA variants, all harbored by isolates of ST9 and ST121. We detected eight ST-specific listeriolysin O (LLO) variants, and among them, one truncated form. The actin-assembly-inducing protein ActA was present in 15 different ST-specific variants, including four ActA variants with an internal truncation. In conclusion, this study shows that L. monocytogenes, isolated from illegally imported food, have moderate genotype diversity, but diverse virulence factors variants, mainly of InlA. MDPI 2018-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6162745/ /pubmed/30142903 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9090428 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rychli, Kathrin Stessl, Beatrix Szakmary-Brändle, Kati Strauß, Anja Wagner, Martin Schoder, Dagmar Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Illegally Imported Food Products into the European Union Harbor Different Virulence Factor Variants |
title | Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Illegally Imported Food Products into the European Union Harbor Different Virulence Factor Variants |
title_full | Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Illegally Imported Food Products into the European Union Harbor Different Virulence Factor Variants |
title_fullStr | Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Illegally Imported Food Products into the European Union Harbor Different Virulence Factor Variants |
title_full_unstemmed | Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Illegally Imported Food Products into the European Union Harbor Different Virulence Factor Variants |
title_short | Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Illegally Imported Food Products into the European Union Harbor Different Virulence Factor Variants |
title_sort | listeria monocytogenes isolated from illegally imported food products into the european union harbor different virulence factor variants |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6162745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142903 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9090428 |
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