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Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks
Wireless channel propagation characteristics and models are important to ensure the communication quality of wireless sensor networks in agriculture. Wireless channel attenuation experiments were carried out at different node antenna heights (0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m, and 2.0 m) in the tillering, jointin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163486/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30223574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093116 |
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author | Gao, Zhenran Li, Weijing Zhu, Yan Tian, Yongchao Pang, Fangrong Cao, Weixing Ni, Jun |
author_facet | Gao, Zhenran Li, Weijing Zhu, Yan Tian, Yongchao Pang, Fangrong Cao, Weixing Ni, Jun |
author_sort | Gao, Zhenran |
collection | PubMed |
description | Wireless channel propagation characteristics and models are important to ensure the communication quality of wireless sensor networks in agriculture. Wireless channel attenuation experiments were carried out at different node antenna heights (0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m, and 2.0 m) in the tillering, jointing, and grain filling stages of rice fields. We studied the path loss variation trends at different transmission distances and analyzed the differences between estimated values and measured values of path loss in a free space model and a two-ray model. Regression analysis of measured path loss values was used to establish a one-slope log-distance model and propose a modified two-slope log-distance model. The attenuation speed in wireless channel propagation in rice fields intensified with rice developmental stage and the transmission range had monotone increases with changes in antenna height. The relative error (RE) of estimation in the free space model and the two-ray model under four heights ranged from 6.48–15.49% and 2.09–13.51%, respectively, and these two models were inadequate for estimating wireless channel path loss in rice fields. The ranges of estimated RE for the one-slope and modified two-slope log-distance models during the three rice developmental stages were 2.40–2.25% and 1.89–1.31%, respectively. The one-slope and modified two-slope log-distance model had better applicability for modeling of wireless channels in rice fields. The estimated RE values for the modified two-slope log-distance model were all less than 2%, which improved the performance of the one-slope log-distance model. This validates that the modified two-slope log-distance model had better applicability in a rice field environment than the other models. These data provide a basis for modeling of sensor network channels and construction of wireless sensor networks in rice fields. Our results will aid in the design of effective rice field WSNs and increase the transmission quality in rice field sensor networks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6163486 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61634862018-10-10 Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks Gao, Zhenran Li, Weijing Zhu, Yan Tian, Yongchao Pang, Fangrong Cao, Weixing Ni, Jun Sensors (Basel) Article Wireless channel propagation characteristics and models are important to ensure the communication quality of wireless sensor networks in agriculture. Wireless channel attenuation experiments were carried out at different node antenna heights (0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m, and 2.0 m) in the tillering, jointing, and grain filling stages of rice fields. We studied the path loss variation trends at different transmission distances and analyzed the differences between estimated values and measured values of path loss in a free space model and a two-ray model. Regression analysis of measured path loss values was used to establish a one-slope log-distance model and propose a modified two-slope log-distance model. The attenuation speed in wireless channel propagation in rice fields intensified with rice developmental stage and the transmission range had monotone increases with changes in antenna height. The relative error (RE) of estimation in the free space model and the two-ray model under four heights ranged from 6.48–15.49% and 2.09–13.51%, respectively, and these two models were inadequate for estimating wireless channel path loss in rice fields. The ranges of estimated RE for the one-slope and modified two-slope log-distance models during the three rice developmental stages were 2.40–2.25% and 1.89–1.31%, respectively. The one-slope and modified two-slope log-distance model had better applicability for modeling of wireless channels in rice fields. The estimated RE values for the modified two-slope log-distance model were all less than 2%, which improved the performance of the one-slope log-distance model. This validates that the modified two-slope log-distance model had better applicability in a rice field environment than the other models. These data provide a basis for modeling of sensor network channels and construction of wireless sensor networks in rice fields. Our results will aid in the design of effective rice field WSNs and increase the transmission quality in rice field sensor networks. MDPI 2018-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6163486/ /pubmed/30223574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093116 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gao, Zhenran Li, Weijing Zhu, Yan Tian, Yongchao Pang, Fangrong Cao, Weixing Ni, Jun Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks |
title | Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks |
title_full | Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks |
title_fullStr | Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks |
title_full_unstemmed | Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks |
title_short | Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks |
title_sort | wireless channel propagation characteristics and modeling research in rice field sensor networks |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163486/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30223574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093116 |
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