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Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review
This review provides an overview of unobtrusive monitoring techniques that could be used to monitor some of the human vital signs (i.e., heart activity, breathing activity, temperature and potentially oxygen saturation) in a car seat. It will be shown that many techniques actually measure mechanical...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163776/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30217062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093080 |
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author | Leonhardt, Steffen Leicht, Lennart Teichmann, Daniel |
author_facet | Leonhardt, Steffen Leicht, Lennart Teichmann, Daniel |
author_sort | Leonhardt, Steffen |
collection | PubMed |
description | This review provides an overview of unobtrusive monitoring techniques that could be used to monitor some of the human vital signs (i.e., heart activity, breathing activity, temperature and potentially oxygen saturation) in a car seat. It will be shown that many techniques actually measure mechanical displacement, either on the body surface and/or inside the body. However, there are also techniques like capacitive electrocardiogram or bioimpedance that reflect electrical activity or passive electrical properties or thermal properties (infrared thermography). In addition, photopleythysmographic methods depend on optical properties (like scattering and absorption) of biological tissues and—mainly—blood. As all unobtrusive sensing modalities are always fragile and at risk of being contaminated by disturbances (like motion, rapidly changing environmental conditions, triboelectricity), the scope of the paper includes a survey on redundant sensor arrangements. Finally, this review also provides an overview of automotive demonstrators for vital sign monitoring. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6163776 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61637762018-10-10 Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review Leonhardt, Steffen Leicht, Lennart Teichmann, Daniel Sensors (Basel) Article This review provides an overview of unobtrusive monitoring techniques that could be used to monitor some of the human vital signs (i.e., heart activity, breathing activity, temperature and potentially oxygen saturation) in a car seat. It will be shown that many techniques actually measure mechanical displacement, either on the body surface and/or inside the body. However, there are also techniques like capacitive electrocardiogram or bioimpedance that reflect electrical activity or passive electrical properties or thermal properties (infrared thermography). In addition, photopleythysmographic methods depend on optical properties (like scattering and absorption) of biological tissues and—mainly—blood. As all unobtrusive sensing modalities are always fragile and at risk of being contaminated by disturbances (like motion, rapidly changing environmental conditions, triboelectricity), the scope of the paper includes a survey on redundant sensor arrangements. Finally, this review also provides an overview of automotive demonstrators for vital sign monitoring. MDPI 2018-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6163776/ /pubmed/30217062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093080 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Leonhardt, Steffen Leicht, Lennart Teichmann, Daniel Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review |
title | Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review |
title_full | Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review |
title_fullStr | Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review |
title_short | Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review |
title_sort | unobtrusive vital sign monitoring in automotive environments—a review |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6163776/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30217062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093080 |
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