A Novel Fluorescent Biosensor for Adenosine Triphosphate Detection Based on a Metal–Organic Framework Coating Polydopamine Layer

In this work, a novel and sensitive fluorescent biosensor based on polydopamine coated Zr-based metal–organic framework (PDA/UiO-66) is presented for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection. This PDA/UiO-66 nanoparticle which holds a great potential to be excellent fluorescence quencher can protect the 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled probe from cleaved by DNase I dispersed in solution and the flurescence of labeled FAM is quenched. When ATP molecules exist, aptamers on the PDA/UiO-66 nanoparticles can hybridize with ATP molecule to form complex structure that will be desorbed from the PDA/UiO-66 and digested by DNase I. After that, the released ATP molecule can react with another aptamer on the PDA/UiO-66 complexes, then restarts a new cycle. Herein, the excellent strong fluorescence quenching ability and uploading more amount of aptamer probes of PDA/UiO-66 composites make them efficient biosensors, leading to a high sensitivity with detection limit of 35 nM. Compared with ATP detection directly by UiO-66-based method, the LOD is about 5.7 times higher with PDA/UiO-66 nanoparticle. Moreover, the enhanced biocompatibility and bioactivity with PDA layer of the composites render a proposed strategy for clinical diagnosis field of detecting small biological molecules in vivo in the future.