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Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain
The term additive manufacturing (AM) groups together a set of technologies with similar characteristics forming part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. AM is being developed globally, as evidenced by the standards published by and the agreements between the ISO and the ASTM in 2013. The purpose of...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164469/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30135371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091500 |
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author | Pérez-Pérez, M. Puerto Gómez, Emilio Sebastián, Miguel A. |
author_facet | Pérez-Pérez, M. Puerto Gómez, Emilio Sebastián, Miguel A. |
author_sort | Pérez-Pérez, M. Puerto |
collection | PubMed |
description | The term additive manufacturing (AM) groups together a set of technologies with similar characteristics forming part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. AM is being developed globally, as evidenced by the standards published by and the agreements between the ISO and the ASTM in 2013. The purpose of this paper is to anticipate the main changes that will occur in AM by 2030 as forecast by more than 100 Spanish experts through Delphi prospection performed in 2018. In this way, the areas, aspects, and business models with the greatest probabilities of occurrence are obtained. The need for technical experts with specific knowledge and skills requires changes to current training syllabuses. Such changes will enable students to have the profiles foreseen in these job trends. The encouragement of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) training through the introduction of AM in study plans may be an appropriate alternative. Finally, the consequences of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for the employment market and on jobs, particularly in Spain, are set out and the latest Spanish Research, Development, and Innovation (R&D + I) plans are summarized as the framework for the possible implementation and development of AM. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6164469 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61644692018-10-12 Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain Pérez-Pérez, M. Puerto Gómez, Emilio Sebastián, Miguel A. Materials (Basel) Article The term additive manufacturing (AM) groups together a set of technologies with similar characteristics forming part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. AM is being developed globally, as evidenced by the standards published by and the agreements between the ISO and the ASTM in 2013. The purpose of this paper is to anticipate the main changes that will occur in AM by 2030 as forecast by more than 100 Spanish experts through Delphi prospection performed in 2018. In this way, the areas, aspects, and business models with the greatest probabilities of occurrence are obtained. The need for technical experts with specific knowledge and skills requires changes to current training syllabuses. Such changes will enable students to have the profiles foreseen in these job trends. The encouragement of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) training through the introduction of AM in study plans may be an appropriate alternative. Finally, the consequences of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for the employment market and on jobs, particularly in Spain, are set out and the latest Spanish Research, Development, and Innovation (R&D + I) plans are summarized as the framework for the possible implementation and development of AM. MDPI 2018-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6164469/ /pubmed/30135371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091500 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pérez-Pérez, M. Puerto Gómez, Emilio Sebastián, Miguel A. Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain |
title | Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain |
title_full | Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain |
title_fullStr | Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain |
title_full_unstemmed | Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain |
title_short | Delphi Prospection on Additive Manufacturing in 2030: Implications for Education and Employment in Spain |
title_sort | delphi prospection on additive manufacturing in 2030: implications for education and employment in spain |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164469/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30135371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091500 |
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