Association between Airborne Fine Particulate Matter and Residents’ Cardiovascular Diseases, Ischemic Heart Disease and Cerebral Vascular Disease Mortality in Areas with Lighter Air Pollution in China

Background: China began to carry out fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) monitoring in 2013 and the amount of related research is low, especially in areas with lighter air pollution. This study aims to explore the association between PM(2.5) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebral vascular disease (EVD) mortality in areas with lighter air pollution. Methods: Data on resident mortality, air pollution and meteorology in Shenzhen during 2013–2015 were collected and analyzed using semi-parametric generalized additive models (GAM) with Poisson distribution of time series analysis. Results: Six pollutants were measured at seven air quality monitoring sites, including PM(2.5), PM(10), SO(2), NO(2), CO and O(3). The PM(2.5) daily average concentration was 35.0 ± 21.9 μg/m(3); the daily average concentration range was from 7.1 μg/m(3) to 137.1 μg/m(3). PM(2.5) concentration had significant effects on CVD, IHD and EVD mortality. While PM(2.5) concentration of lag5 and lag02 rose by 10 μg/m(3), the excess risk (ER) of CVD mortality were 1.50% (95% CI: 0.51–2.50%) and 2.09% (95% CI: 0.79–3.41%), respectively. While PM(2.5) concentration of lag2 and lag02 rose by 10 μg/m(3), the ER of IHD mortality were 2.87% (95% CI: 0.71–5.07%) and 3.86% (95% CI: 1.17–6.63%), respectively. While PM(2.5) concentration of lag4 and lag04 rose by 10 μg/m(3), the ER of EVD mortality were 2.09% (95% CI: 2.28–3.92%) and 3.08% (95% CI: 0.68–5.53%), respectively. Conclusions: PM(2.5) increased CVD mortality. The government needs to strengthen the governance of air pollution in areas with a slight pollution.