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Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?

Background: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between regional values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and passive smoking in Italy. Methods: The outcome measures were smoking ban respect in public places, workplaces and at home, derived from the PASSI surveillance for the period 20...

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Autores principales: La Torre, Giuseppe, Sestili, Cristina, Cocchiara, Rosario Andrea, Cianfanelli, Sara, Lia, Lorenza, Mannocci, Alice
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30231580
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092045
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author La Torre, Giuseppe
Sestili, Cristina
Cocchiara, Rosario Andrea
Cianfanelli, Sara
Lia, Lorenza
Mannocci, Alice
author_facet La Torre, Giuseppe
Sestili, Cristina
Cocchiara, Rosario Andrea
Cianfanelli, Sara
Lia, Lorenza
Mannocci, Alice
author_sort La Torre, Giuseppe
collection PubMed
description Background: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between regional values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and passive smoking in Italy. Methods: The outcome measures were smoking ban respect in public places, workplaces and at home, derived from the PASSI surveillance for the period 2011–2017. The explanatory variable was GDP per capita. The statistical analysis was carried out using bivariate and linear regression analyses, taking into consideration two different periods, Years 2011–2014 and 2014–2017. Results: GDP is showed to be positively correlated with smoking ban respect in public places (r = 0.779 p < 0.001; r = 0.723 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), as well as smoking ban respect in the workplace (r = 0.662 p = 0.001; r = 0.603 p = 0.004) and no smoking at home adherence (r = 0.424 p = 0.056; r = 0.362 p = 0.107). In multiple linear regression GDP is significantly associated to smoking ban respect in public places (adjusted β = 0.730 p < 0.001; β = 0.698 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), smoking ban in workplaces (adjusted β = 0.525 p = 0.020; β = 0.570 p = 0.009) and no smoking at home (adjusted β = 0.332 p = 0.070; β = 0.362 p = 0.052). Conclusions: Smoking ban is more respected in Regions with higher GDP. For a better health promotion, systematic vigilance and sanctions should be maintained and strengthened, particularly in regions with low compliance with smoking bans.
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spelling pubmed-61653072018-10-12 Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter? La Torre, Giuseppe Sestili, Cristina Cocchiara, Rosario Andrea Cianfanelli, Sara Lia, Lorenza Mannocci, Alice Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between regional values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and passive smoking in Italy. Methods: The outcome measures were smoking ban respect in public places, workplaces and at home, derived from the PASSI surveillance for the period 2011–2017. The explanatory variable was GDP per capita. The statistical analysis was carried out using bivariate and linear regression analyses, taking into consideration two different periods, Years 2011–2014 and 2014–2017. Results: GDP is showed to be positively correlated with smoking ban respect in public places (r = 0.779 p < 0.001; r = 0.723 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), as well as smoking ban respect in the workplace (r = 0.662 p = 0.001; r = 0.603 p = 0.004) and no smoking at home adherence (r = 0.424 p = 0.056; r = 0.362 p = 0.107). In multiple linear regression GDP is significantly associated to smoking ban respect in public places (adjusted β = 0.730 p < 0.001; β = 0.698 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), smoking ban in workplaces (adjusted β = 0.525 p = 0.020; β = 0.570 p = 0.009) and no smoking at home (adjusted β = 0.332 p = 0.070; β = 0.362 p = 0.052). Conclusions: Smoking ban is more respected in Regions with higher GDP. For a better health promotion, systematic vigilance and sanctions should be maintained and strengthened, particularly in regions with low compliance with smoking bans. MDPI 2018-09-18 2018-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6165307/ /pubmed/30231580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092045 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
La Torre, Giuseppe
Sestili, Cristina
Cocchiara, Rosario Andrea
Cianfanelli, Sara
Lia, Lorenza
Mannocci, Alice
Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?
title Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?
title_full Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?
title_fullStr Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?
title_full_unstemmed Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?
title_short Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?
title_sort passive smoking indicators in italy: does the gross domestic product matter?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30231580
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092045
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