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Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis

Astronauts are reported to have experienced some impairment in visual acuity during their mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and after they returned to Earth. There is emerging evidence that changes in vision may involve alterations in ocular structure and function. To investigate poss...

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Autores principales: Mao, Xiao W., Byrum, Stephanie, Nishiyama, Nina C., Pecaut, Michael J., Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi, Boerma, Marjan, Tackett, Alan J., Shiba, Dai, Shirakawa, Masaki, Takahashi, Satoru, Delp, Michael D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165321/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154332
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092546
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author Mao, Xiao W.
Byrum, Stephanie
Nishiyama, Nina C.
Pecaut, Michael J.
Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi
Boerma, Marjan
Tackett, Alan J.
Shiba, Dai
Shirakawa, Masaki
Takahashi, Satoru
Delp, Michael D.
author_facet Mao, Xiao W.
Byrum, Stephanie
Nishiyama, Nina C.
Pecaut, Michael J.
Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi
Boerma, Marjan
Tackett, Alan J.
Shiba, Dai
Shirakawa, Masaki
Takahashi, Satoru
Delp, Michael D.
author_sort Mao, Xiao W.
collection PubMed
description Astronauts are reported to have experienced some impairment in visual acuity during their mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and after they returned to Earth. There is emerging evidence that changes in vision may involve alterations in ocular structure and function. To investigate possible mechanisms, changes in protein expression profiles and oxidative stress-associated apoptosis were examined in mouse ocular tissue after spaceflight. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = 12) were launched from the Kennedy Space Center on a SpaceX rocket to the ISS for a 35-day mission. The animals were housed in the mouse Habitat Cage Unit (HCU) in the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) “Kibo” facility on the ISS. The flight mice lived either under an ambient microgravity condition (µg) or in a centrifugal habitat unit that produced 1 g artificial gravity (µg + 1 g). Habitat control (HC) and vivarium control mice lived on Earth in HCUs or normal vivarium cages, respectively. Quantitative assessment of ocular tissue demonstrated that the µg group induced significant apoptosis in the retina vascular endothelial cells compared to all other groups (p < 0.05) that was 64% greater than that in the HC group. Proteomic analysis showed that many key pathways responsible for cell death, cell repair, inflammation, and metabolic stress were significantly altered in µg mice compared to HC animals. Additionally, there were more significant changes in regulated protein expression in the µg group relative to that in the µg + 1 g group. These data provide evidence that spaceflight induces retinal apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and changes in retinal protein expression related to cellular structure, immune response and metabolic function, and that artificial gravity (AG) provides some protection against these changes. These retinal cellular responses may affect blood–retinal barrier (BRB) integrity, visual acuity, and impact the potential risk of developing late retinal degeneration.
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spelling pubmed-61653212018-10-10 Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis Mao, Xiao W. Byrum, Stephanie Nishiyama, Nina C. Pecaut, Michael J. Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi Boerma, Marjan Tackett, Alan J. Shiba, Dai Shirakawa, Masaki Takahashi, Satoru Delp, Michael D. Int J Mol Sci Article Astronauts are reported to have experienced some impairment in visual acuity during their mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and after they returned to Earth. There is emerging evidence that changes in vision may involve alterations in ocular structure and function. To investigate possible mechanisms, changes in protein expression profiles and oxidative stress-associated apoptosis were examined in mouse ocular tissue after spaceflight. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = 12) were launched from the Kennedy Space Center on a SpaceX rocket to the ISS for a 35-day mission. The animals were housed in the mouse Habitat Cage Unit (HCU) in the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) “Kibo” facility on the ISS. The flight mice lived either under an ambient microgravity condition (µg) or in a centrifugal habitat unit that produced 1 g artificial gravity (µg + 1 g). Habitat control (HC) and vivarium control mice lived on Earth in HCUs or normal vivarium cages, respectively. Quantitative assessment of ocular tissue demonstrated that the µg group induced significant apoptosis in the retina vascular endothelial cells compared to all other groups (p < 0.05) that was 64% greater than that in the HC group. Proteomic analysis showed that many key pathways responsible for cell death, cell repair, inflammation, and metabolic stress were significantly altered in µg mice compared to HC animals. Additionally, there were more significant changes in regulated protein expression in the µg group relative to that in the µg + 1 g group. These data provide evidence that spaceflight induces retinal apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and changes in retinal protein expression related to cellular structure, immune response and metabolic function, and that artificial gravity (AG) provides some protection against these changes. These retinal cellular responses may affect blood–retinal barrier (BRB) integrity, visual acuity, and impact the potential risk of developing late retinal degeneration. MDPI 2018-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6165321/ /pubmed/30154332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092546 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mao, Xiao W.
Byrum, Stephanie
Nishiyama, Nina C.
Pecaut, Michael J.
Sridharan, Vijayalakshmi
Boerma, Marjan
Tackett, Alan J.
Shiba, Dai
Shirakawa, Masaki
Takahashi, Satoru
Delp, Michael D.
Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis
title Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis
title_full Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis
title_fullStr Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis
title_short Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis
title_sort impact of spaceflight and artificial gravity on the mouse retina: biochemical and proteomic analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165321/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154332
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092546
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