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UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean

Solar radiation represents a key abiotic factor in the evolution of life in the oceans. In general, marine, biota—particularly in euphotic and dysphotic zones—depends directly or indirectly on light, but ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) can damage vital molecular machineries. UV-R induces the formation...

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Autores principales: Núñez-Pons, Laura, Avila, Conxita, Romano, Giovanna, Verde, Cinzia, Giordano, Daniela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165330/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30223486
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090336
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author Núñez-Pons, Laura
Avila, Conxita
Romano, Giovanna
Verde, Cinzia
Giordano, Daniela
author_facet Núñez-Pons, Laura
Avila, Conxita
Romano, Giovanna
Verde, Cinzia
Giordano, Daniela
author_sort Núñez-Pons, Laura
collection PubMed
description Solar radiation represents a key abiotic factor in the evolution of life in the oceans. In general, marine, biota—particularly in euphotic and dysphotic zones—depends directly or indirectly on light, but ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) can damage vital molecular machineries. UV-R induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs intracellular structures and enzymatic reactions. It can also affect organismal physiologies and eventually alter trophic chains at the ecosystem level. In Antarctica, physical drivers, such as sunlight, sea-ice, seasonality and low temperature are particularly influencing as compared to other regions. The springtime ozone depletion over the Southern Ocean makes organisms be more vulnerable to UV-R. Nonetheless, Antarctic species seem to possess analogous UV photoprotection and repair mechanisms as those found in organisms from other latitudes. The lack of data on species-specific responses towards increased UV-B still limits the understanding about the ecological impact and the tolerance levels related to ozone depletion in this region. The photobiology of Antarctic biota is largely unknown, in spite of representing a highly promising reservoir in the discovery of novel cosmeceutical products. This review compiles the most relevant information on photoprotection and UV-repair processes described in organisms from the Southern Ocean, in the context of this unique marine polar environment.
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spelling pubmed-61653302018-10-11 UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean Núñez-Pons, Laura Avila, Conxita Romano, Giovanna Verde, Cinzia Giordano, Daniela Mar Drugs Review Solar radiation represents a key abiotic factor in the evolution of life in the oceans. In general, marine, biota—particularly in euphotic and dysphotic zones—depends directly or indirectly on light, but ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) can damage vital molecular machineries. UV-R induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs intracellular structures and enzymatic reactions. It can also affect organismal physiologies and eventually alter trophic chains at the ecosystem level. In Antarctica, physical drivers, such as sunlight, sea-ice, seasonality and low temperature are particularly influencing as compared to other regions. The springtime ozone depletion over the Southern Ocean makes organisms be more vulnerable to UV-R. Nonetheless, Antarctic species seem to possess analogous UV photoprotection and repair mechanisms as those found in organisms from other latitudes. The lack of data on species-specific responses towards increased UV-B still limits the understanding about the ecological impact and the tolerance levels related to ozone depletion in this region. The photobiology of Antarctic biota is largely unknown, in spite of representing a highly promising reservoir in the discovery of novel cosmeceutical products. This review compiles the most relevant information on photoprotection and UV-repair processes described in organisms from the Southern Ocean, in the context of this unique marine polar environment. MDPI 2018-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6165330/ /pubmed/30223486 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090336 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Núñez-Pons, Laura
Avila, Conxita
Romano, Giovanna
Verde, Cinzia
Giordano, Daniela
UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean
title UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean
title_full UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean
title_fullStr UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean
title_full_unstemmed UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean
title_short UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean
title_sort uv-protective compounds in marine organisms from the southern ocean
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165330/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30223486
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090336
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