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Discrimination between Alternative Herbal Medicines from Different Categories with the Electronic Nose

As alternative herbal medicine gains soar in popularity around the world, it is necessary to apply a fast and convenient means for classifying and evaluating herbal medicines. In this work, an electronic nose system with seven classification algorithms is used to discriminate between 12 categories o...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhan, Xianghao, Guan, Xiaoqing, Wu, Rumeng, Wang, Zhan, Wang, You, Li, Guang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165400/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30181445
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092936
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author Zhan, Xianghao
Guan, Xiaoqing
Wu, Rumeng
Wang, Zhan
Wang, You
Li, Guang
author_facet Zhan, Xianghao
Guan, Xiaoqing
Wu, Rumeng
Wang, Zhan
Wang, You
Li, Guang
author_sort Zhan, Xianghao
collection PubMed
description As alternative herbal medicine gains soar in popularity around the world, it is necessary to apply a fast and convenient means for classifying and evaluating herbal medicines. In this work, an electronic nose system with seven classification algorithms is used to discriminate between 12 categories of herbal medicines. The results show that these herbal medicines can be successfully classified, with support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) outperforming other algorithms in terms of accuracy. When principal component analysis (PCA) is used to lower the number of dimensions, the time cost for classification can be reduced while the data is visualized. Afterwards, conformal predictions based on 1NN (1-Nearest Neighbor) and 3NN (3-Nearest Neighbor) (CP-1NN and CP-3NN) are introduced. CP-1NN and CP-3NN provide additional, yet significant and reliable, information by giving the confidence and credibility associated with each prediction without sacrificing of accuracy. This research provides insight into the construction of a herbal medicine flavor library and gives methods and reference for future works.
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spelling pubmed-61654002018-10-10 Discrimination between Alternative Herbal Medicines from Different Categories with the Electronic Nose Zhan, Xianghao Guan, Xiaoqing Wu, Rumeng Wang, Zhan Wang, You Li, Guang Sensors (Basel) Article As alternative herbal medicine gains soar in popularity around the world, it is necessary to apply a fast and convenient means for classifying and evaluating herbal medicines. In this work, an electronic nose system with seven classification algorithms is used to discriminate between 12 categories of herbal medicines. The results show that these herbal medicines can be successfully classified, with support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) outperforming other algorithms in terms of accuracy. When principal component analysis (PCA) is used to lower the number of dimensions, the time cost for classification can be reduced while the data is visualized. Afterwards, conformal predictions based on 1NN (1-Nearest Neighbor) and 3NN (3-Nearest Neighbor) (CP-1NN and CP-3NN) are introduced. CP-1NN and CP-3NN provide additional, yet significant and reliable, information by giving the confidence and credibility associated with each prediction without sacrificing of accuracy. This research provides insight into the construction of a herbal medicine flavor library and gives methods and reference for future works. MDPI 2018-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6165400/ /pubmed/30181445 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092936 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhan, Xianghao
Guan, Xiaoqing
Wu, Rumeng
Wang, Zhan
Wang, You
Li, Guang
Discrimination between Alternative Herbal Medicines from Different Categories with the Electronic Nose
title Discrimination between Alternative Herbal Medicines from Different Categories with the Electronic Nose
title_full Discrimination between Alternative Herbal Medicines from Different Categories with the Electronic Nose
title_fullStr Discrimination between Alternative Herbal Medicines from Different Categories with the Electronic Nose
title_full_unstemmed Discrimination between Alternative Herbal Medicines from Different Categories with the Electronic Nose
title_short Discrimination between Alternative Herbal Medicines from Different Categories with the Electronic Nose
title_sort discrimination between alternative herbal medicines from different categories with the electronic nose
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165400/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30181445
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092936
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