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Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a significant health threat as they tend to cause severe infections in vulnerable populations and are difficult to treat due to a limited range of effective antibiotics and also their ability to form biofilm. These organisms were once limited t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30319563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02221 |
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author | Kemung, Hefa Mangzira Tan, Loh Teng-Hern Khan, Tahir Mehmood Chan, Kok-Gan Pusparajah, Priyia Goh, Bey-Hing Lee, Learn-Han |
author_facet | Kemung, Hefa Mangzira Tan, Loh Teng-Hern Khan, Tahir Mehmood Chan, Kok-Gan Pusparajah, Priyia Goh, Bey-Hing Lee, Learn-Han |
author_sort | Kemung, Hefa Mangzira |
collection | PubMed |
description | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a significant health threat as they tend to cause severe infections in vulnerable populations and are difficult to treat due to a limited range of effective antibiotics and also their ability to form biofilm. These organisms were once limited to hospital acquired infections but are now widely present in the community and even in animals. Furthermore, these organisms are constantly evolving to develop resistance to more antibiotics. This results in a need for new clinically useful antibiotics and one potential source are the Streptomyces which have already been the source of several anti-MRSA drugs including vancomycin. There remain large numbers of Streptomyces potentially undiscovered in underexplored regions such as mangrove, deserts, marine, and freshwater environments as well as endophytes. Organisms from these regions also face significant challenges to survival which often result in the production of novel bioactive compounds, several of which have already shown promise in drug development. We review the various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in MRSA and all the known compounds isolated from Streptomyces with anti-MRSA activity with a focus on those from underexplored regions. The isolation of the full array of compounds Streptomyces are potentially capable of producing in the laboratory has proven a challenge, we also review techniques that have been used to overcome this obstacle including genetic cluster analysis. Additionally, we review the in vivo work done thus far with promising compounds of Streptomyces origin as well as the animal models that could be used for this work. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6165876 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61658762018-10-12 Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs Kemung, Hefa Mangzira Tan, Loh Teng-Hern Khan, Tahir Mehmood Chan, Kok-Gan Pusparajah, Priyia Goh, Bey-Hing Lee, Learn-Han Front Microbiol Microbiology Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a significant health threat as they tend to cause severe infections in vulnerable populations and are difficult to treat due to a limited range of effective antibiotics and also their ability to form biofilm. These organisms were once limited to hospital acquired infections but are now widely present in the community and even in animals. Furthermore, these organisms are constantly evolving to develop resistance to more antibiotics. This results in a need for new clinically useful antibiotics and one potential source are the Streptomyces which have already been the source of several anti-MRSA drugs including vancomycin. There remain large numbers of Streptomyces potentially undiscovered in underexplored regions such as mangrove, deserts, marine, and freshwater environments as well as endophytes. Organisms from these regions also face significant challenges to survival which often result in the production of novel bioactive compounds, several of which have already shown promise in drug development. We review the various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in MRSA and all the known compounds isolated from Streptomyces with anti-MRSA activity with a focus on those from underexplored regions. The isolation of the full array of compounds Streptomyces are potentially capable of producing in the laboratory has proven a challenge, we also review techniques that have been used to overcome this obstacle including genetic cluster analysis. Additionally, we review the in vivo work done thus far with promising compounds of Streptomyces origin as well as the animal models that could be used for this work. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6165876/ /pubmed/30319563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02221 Text en Copyright © 2018 Kemung, Tan, Khan, Chan, Pusparajah, Goh and Lee. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Kemung, Hefa Mangzira Tan, Loh Teng-Hern Khan, Tahir Mehmood Chan, Kok-Gan Pusparajah, Priyia Goh, Bey-Hing Lee, Learn-Han Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs |
title | Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs |
title_full | Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs |
title_fullStr | Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs |
title_full_unstemmed | Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs |
title_short | Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs |
title_sort | streptomyces as a prominent resource of future anti-mrsa drugs |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30319563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02221 |
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