Antihypertensive Therapy in the Acute Phase of Lacunar Infarcts

BACKGROUND: The optimal medical regimen for managing hypertension during acute phase of lacunar infarcts has not yet been clarified in real world setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood pressure lowering regimens on neurological progression and clinical outcomes during the acute phase of lacunar infarcts. MATERIAL/METHODS: For this study, 411 patients with first-episode lacunar infarcts and hypertension within 24 hours of symptom onset were included. All patients received antihypertension therapies, with different regimens, as well as routine medication during first 7 days after onset. There were 6 proposed antihypertensive treatments: calcium channel blockers (CCB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), β-blocker (β-B), and diuretic drug (DD) alone or in combination. Neurological progression was defined as worsening by ≥1 point in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) for motor function. The outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS): favorable outcome (mRS of 0–1) or unfavorable outcome (mRS 2–5). RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that combination therapy with CCB, ACEI/ARB, and β-B exhibited the lowest risk of deterioration (OR=0.48, P=0.019) and unfavorable outcomes (OR=0.50, P=0.022). Similarly, combination therapy with CCB, ACEI/ARB, and DD exhibited lower risk of deterioration (OR=0.63, P=0.033) and unfavorable outcome (OR=0.77, P=0.042) at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Rational blood pressure lowering was beneficial to the functional outcomes of patients during acute phase of lacunar infarcts, and combination therapy was better than mono-drug therapy.