Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis and Hypercalcemia After Therapeutic Hypothermia in Patients With Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy: A Case Series

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is provided to newborns with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) to improve survival and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although the benefits certainly outweigh the risks associated with therapeutic hypothermia, it is important to be mindful of potential rare side effects in the background of asphyxia-related injury to various body organs. One of those side effects includes subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) that can occur in term newborns after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia or other stressing factors such as systemic hypothermia. It is usually a self-limited condition, however, in some cases, it can lead to severe hypercalcemia. We report three such cases of SCFN in newborns with HIE treated with TH. Due to potential long-term complications, such as metastatic calcifications, caregivers should be informed about this potential complication prior to discharge from hospital so that they can help diagnose or continue to monitor cases of severe hypercalcemia.