Surfactant/organic solvent free single-step engineering of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO(2) nanostructure: Efficient photocatalytic system for the treatment of wastewater coming from textile industries

In this study, hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO(2) nanostructure were synthesized by single-step, inexpensive and surfactant/organic solvent free route; hydrothermal technique. The physicochemical properties of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO(2) nanostructure were carefully analyzed by multiple techniques, including X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesized hybrid nanostructures were utilized as photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under natural environment at average ambient temperature and mean daily global solar radiation, of about 22–25 °C and 374.9 mWh/cm(2), respectively. The activity performance indicated considerable degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and was in the following order Gr (13%), TiO(2) (60%) and hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO(2) nanostructure (90%) over 21 min under the natural light illumination. The physiochemical characterization suggests that, the tightly attached metalized TiO(2) nanoparticles (Pt-TiO(2)) on the high surface area graphene sheets improved utilization of visible light and increased separation and transfer of photo-excited electron (ē) hole (h(+)) pairs. Notably, the hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO(2) nanostructure exhibited an excellent cyclic stability for methylene blue (MB) dye removal. Finally, the kinetic behavior indicated that the photocatalytic degradation reaction of the dye obeyed the pseudo-first order (Langmuir-Hinshelwood) kinetics model.