Hydrogen sulfide limits neutrophil transmigration, inflammation, and oxidative burst in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

Transmigration and activation of neutrophils in the lung reflect key steps in the progression of acute lung injury (ALI). It is known that hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) can limit neutrophil activation, but the respective mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we aimed to examine the underlying pathways in pulmonary inflammation. In vivo, C57BL/6N mice received the H(2)S slow releasing compound GYY4137 prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. LPS challenge led to pulmonary injury, inflammation, and neutrophil transmigration that were inhibited in response to H(2)S pretreatment. Moreover, H(2)S reduced mRNA expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and its receptor in lung tissue, as well as the accumulation of MIP-2 and interleukin-1β in the alveolar space. In vitro, GYY4137 did not exert toxic effects on Hoxb8 neutrophils, but prevented their transmigration through an endothelial barrier in the presence and absence of MIP-2. In addition, the release of MIP-2 and reactive oxygen species from LPS-stimulated Hoxb8 neutrophils were directly inhibited by H(2)S. Taken together, we provide first evidence that H(2)S limits lung neutrophil sequestration upon LPS challenge. As proposed underlying mechanisms, H(2)S prevents neutrophil transmigration through the inflamed endothelium and directly inhibits pro-inflammatory as well as oxidative signalling in neutrophils. Subsequently, H(2)S pretreatment ameliorates LPS-induced ALI.