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Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease, Improving Memory
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a progressive dementia, and there is good evidence that it is more pronounced in individuals that have fewer stimuli during their lives. Environmental stimulation promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, leading to amplification of cogni...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6168651/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30319394 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00288 |
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author | Balthazar, Janaina Schöwe, Natalia Mendes Cipolli, Gabriela Cabett Buck, Hudson Sousa Viel, Tania Araujo |
author_facet | Balthazar, Janaina Schöwe, Natalia Mendes Cipolli, Gabriela Cabett Buck, Hudson Sousa Viel, Tania Araujo |
author_sort | Balthazar, Janaina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a progressive dementia, and there is good evidence that it is more pronounced in individuals that have fewer stimuli during their lives. Environmental stimulation promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, leading to amplification of cognitive functions, and has been described in humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated the effects of enriched environment (EE) stimulation on spatial memory and senile plaque formation in transgenic mice PDGFB-APPSwInd (TG) that overexpress the human amyloid precursor protein, normally resulting in an increased density of senile plaques. We compared this group of EE stimulated transgenic mice (TG-EE) with an EE stimulated control group of age-matched C57Bl/6 wild type animals (WT-EE). Both groups were exposed to EE stimulation between the ages of 8 and 12 months. As controls of the experiment, there were a group of TG mice not exposed to EE (TG-Ctrl) and a group of WT mice not exposed to EE (WT-Ctrl). The TG-EE group presented improved spatial memory when compared to the TG-Ctrl animals. In addition, the TG-EE group showed a 69.2% reduction in the total density of senile plaques in the hippocampus when compared to the TG-Ctrl group. In this group, the concentration of senile plaques was greater in the dorsal part of the hippocampus, which is linked to spatial localization, and the reduction of this density after the submission to EE was as high as 85.1%. EE stimulation had no effect on the density of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. However, amyloid scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1) density was significantly decreased in the TG-Ctrl mice, but not in the TG-EE mice, suggesting that cognitive stimulation had an effect on the formation of a cognitive reserve that could prevent the accumulation of senile plaques. It is suggested that the stimulation of old mice by EE for 4 months led to the formation of brain resilience that protected the brain from the deposition of senile plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD, leading to improvement in spatial memory. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6168651 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61686512018-10-12 Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease, Improving Memory Balthazar, Janaina Schöwe, Natalia Mendes Cipolli, Gabriela Cabett Buck, Hudson Sousa Viel, Tania Araujo Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a progressive dementia, and there is good evidence that it is more pronounced in individuals that have fewer stimuli during their lives. Environmental stimulation promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, leading to amplification of cognitive functions, and has been described in humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated the effects of enriched environment (EE) stimulation on spatial memory and senile plaque formation in transgenic mice PDGFB-APPSwInd (TG) that overexpress the human amyloid precursor protein, normally resulting in an increased density of senile plaques. We compared this group of EE stimulated transgenic mice (TG-EE) with an EE stimulated control group of age-matched C57Bl/6 wild type animals (WT-EE). Both groups were exposed to EE stimulation between the ages of 8 and 12 months. As controls of the experiment, there were a group of TG mice not exposed to EE (TG-Ctrl) and a group of WT mice not exposed to EE (WT-Ctrl). The TG-EE group presented improved spatial memory when compared to the TG-Ctrl animals. In addition, the TG-EE group showed a 69.2% reduction in the total density of senile plaques in the hippocampus when compared to the TG-Ctrl group. In this group, the concentration of senile plaques was greater in the dorsal part of the hippocampus, which is linked to spatial localization, and the reduction of this density after the submission to EE was as high as 85.1%. EE stimulation had no effect on the density of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. However, amyloid scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1) density was significantly decreased in the TG-Ctrl mice, but not in the TG-EE mice, suggesting that cognitive stimulation had an effect on the formation of a cognitive reserve that could prevent the accumulation of senile plaques. It is suggested that the stimulation of old mice by EE for 4 months led to the formation of brain resilience that protected the brain from the deposition of senile plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD, leading to improvement in spatial memory. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6168651/ /pubmed/30319394 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00288 Text en Copyright © 2018 Balthazar, Schöwe, Cipolli, Buck and Viel. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Balthazar, Janaina Schöwe, Natalia Mendes Cipolli, Gabriela Cabett Buck, Hudson Sousa Viel, Tania Araujo Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease, Improving Memory |
title | Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease, Improving Memory |
title_full | Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease, Improving Memory |
title_fullStr | Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease, Improving Memory |
title_full_unstemmed | Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease, Improving Memory |
title_short | Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease, Improving Memory |
title_sort | enriched environment significantly reduced senile plaques in a transgenic mice model of alzheimer’s disease, improving memory |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6168651/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30319394 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00288 |
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