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Tubeimoside 1 Acts as a Chemotherapeutic Synergist via Stimulating Macropinocytosis
Macropinocytosis is a highly conserved endocytic process which characterizes the engulfment of extracellular fluid and its contents into cells via large, heterogeneous vacuoles known as macropinosomes. Tubeimoside-1 (TBM1) is a low toxic triterpenoid saponin extracted from a traditional Chinese herb...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30319403 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01044 |
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author | Gong, Xianling Sun, Ruibo Gao, Zhuowei Han, Weili Liu, Yawei Zhao, Liang Jing, Linlin Yao, Xueqing Sun, Xuegang |
author_facet | Gong, Xianling Sun, Ruibo Gao, Zhuowei Han, Weili Liu, Yawei Zhao, Liang Jing, Linlin Yao, Xueqing Sun, Xuegang |
author_sort | Gong, Xianling |
collection | PubMed |
description | Macropinocytosis is a highly conserved endocytic process which characterizes the engulfment of extracellular fluid and its contents into cells via large, heterogeneous vacuoles known as macropinosomes. Tubeimoside-1 (TBM1) is a low toxic triterpenoid saponin extracted from a traditional Chinese herb Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.). TBM1 stimulates a quick accumulation of numerous phase-lucent cytoplasmic vacuoles in multiple colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. These vacuoles can be termed as macropinosomes that efficiently engulf lucifer yellow. These vesicles are not overlaps with endocytic organelle tracers, such as ERTracker, LysoTracker and mitoTracker. These vacuoles induced by TBM1 partially incorporate into lysosomes. Transmission electron microscope indicates membrane ruffling to form lamellipodia. Protrusions collapse onto and then fuse back with the plasma membrane to generate these large endocytic vacuoles. Notably, TBM1 efficiently trafficks dextrans into heterotopic xenografts in vivo, thus provide consolidated evidence that the vacuolization can be mainly defined as macropinocytosis. TBM1 downregulates cell viability and increases PI-positive, but not highlighted Hoechst 33342-positive cells. TBM1 induced cell death can be ascribed as methuosis by hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis which can be compromised by amiloride derivative 5-(Nethyl-N-isopropyl). Light chain 3 II is recruited to these vesicles to stimulate macropinocytosis. The cell death and vacuoles can be significantly neutralized by chloroquine, but can not be the inhibited by 3-methyladenine. TBM1 can coordinate with 5-FU to exert toxicity reducing and efficacy enhancing effects in vivo by increasing the uptake of the latter without hepatic injury. In conclusion, TBM1 effectively induces in vitro and in vivo macropinocytosis which can traffick small molecules into CRC cells. It is an attractive drug transporter and can be harnessed as a chemotherapeutic synergist with translational potential. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6169148 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61691482018-10-12 Tubeimoside 1 Acts as a Chemotherapeutic Synergist via Stimulating Macropinocytosis Gong, Xianling Sun, Ruibo Gao, Zhuowei Han, Weili Liu, Yawei Zhao, Liang Jing, Linlin Yao, Xueqing Sun, Xuegang Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Macropinocytosis is a highly conserved endocytic process which characterizes the engulfment of extracellular fluid and its contents into cells via large, heterogeneous vacuoles known as macropinosomes. Tubeimoside-1 (TBM1) is a low toxic triterpenoid saponin extracted from a traditional Chinese herb Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.). TBM1 stimulates a quick accumulation of numerous phase-lucent cytoplasmic vacuoles in multiple colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. These vacuoles can be termed as macropinosomes that efficiently engulf lucifer yellow. These vesicles are not overlaps with endocytic organelle tracers, such as ERTracker, LysoTracker and mitoTracker. These vacuoles induced by TBM1 partially incorporate into lysosomes. Transmission electron microscope indicates membrane ruffling to form lamellipodia. Protrusions collapse onto and then fuse back with the plasma membrane to generate these large endocytic vacuoles. Notably, TBM1 efficiently trafficks dextrans into heterotopic xenografts in vivo, thus provide consolidated evidence that the vacuolization can be mainly defined as macropinocytosis. TBM1 downregulates cell viability and increases PI-positive, but not highlighted Hoechst 33342-positive cells. TBM1 induced cell death can be ascribed as methuosis by hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis which can be compromised by amiloride derivative 5-(Nethyl-N-isopropyl). Light chain 3 II is recruited to these vesicles to stimulate macropinocytosis. The cell death and vacuoles can be significantly neutralized by chloroquine, but can not be the inhibited by 3-methyladenine. TBM1 can coordinate with 5-FU to exert toxicity reducing and efficacy enhancing effects in vivo by increasing the uptake of the latter without hepatic injury. In conclusion, TBM1 effectively induces in vitro and in vivo macropinocytosis which can traffick small molecules into CRC cells. It is an attractive drug transporter and can be harnessed as a chemotherapeutic synergist with translational potential. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6169148/ /pubmed/30319403 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01044 Text en Copyright © 2018 Gong, Sun, Gao, Han, Liu, Zhao, Jing, Yao and Sun. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Gong, Xianling Sun, Ruibo Gao, Zhuowei Han, Weili Liu, Yawei Zhao, Liang Jing, Linlin Yao, Xueqing Sun, Xuegang Tubeimoside 1 Acts as a Chemotherapeutic Synergist via Stimulating Macropinocytosis |
title | Tubeimoside 1 Acts as a Chemotherapeutic Synergist via Stimulating Macropinocytosis |
title_full | Tubeimoside 1 Acts as a Chemotherapeutic Synergist via Stimulating Macropinocytosis |
title_fullStr | Tubeimoside 1 Acts as a Chemotherapeutic Synergist via Stimulating Macropinocytosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Tubeimoside 1 Acts as a Chemotherapeutic Synergist via Stimulating Macropinocytosis |
title_short | Tubeimoside 1 Acts as a Chemotherapeutic Synergist via Stimulating Macropinocytosis |
title_sort | tubeimoside 1 acts as a chemotherapeutic synergist via stimulating macropinocytosis |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30319403 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01044 |
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