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Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly
The ability of aquatic insects to colonize Earth’s most remote freshwater habitats, such as those of islands and deserts, is limited to select taxa. Among black flies, the premiere colonization specialist is Simulium ruficorne Macquart, the only species known from both the Afrotropical and Palearcti...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30281665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205137 |
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author | Cherairia, Mouna Adler, Peter H. |
author_facet | Cherairia, Mouna Adler, Peter H. |
author_sort | Cherairia, Mouna |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ability of aquatic insects to colonize Earth’s most remote freshwater habitats, such as those of islands and deserts, is limited to select taxa. Among black flies, the premiere colonization specialist is Simulium ruficorne Macquart, the only species known from both the Afrotropical and Palearctic regions. We investigated the cytogenetics of S. ruficorne to gain insight into its wide geographic distribution and ability to colonize oceanic islands and deserts. On the basis of larval polytene chromosomes from 14 locations, we documented 17 novel and previously known chromosomal rearrangements and established five cytoforms (A1, A2, B, C, and D), of which probably four (A1/A2, B, C, and D) are distinct species and two (A1 and A2) represent sex-chromosome polymorphism involving a heteroband in the long arm of chromosome III. The chromosome restructuring phenomena associated with the five cytoforms are consistent with the trend in the Simuliidae that one and the same rearrangement can assume different functions in the various descendants of a common ancestor in which the rearrangement was polymorphic. The most widely distributed cytoforms are A1 and A2, which are found in North Africa, the Canary Islands, and Majorca. Simulium ruficorne, the only known black fly in the Hoggar Mountains of the central Sahara Desert, represents a cohesive population of cytoform A1 little differentiated from other North African populations of A1 and A2. Cytoform B inhabits the West African mainland, cytoform C is on Tenerife, and cytoform D is on Cape Verde. We suggest that dispersal and colonization specialists, such as S. ruficorne, are multivoltine inhabitants of temporary streams, and must relocate as their habitats deteriorate. Simulium ruficorne, therefore, should have adaptations that contribute to successful dispersal and colonization, perhaps largely physiological in nature, such as tolerance of high temperatures and droughts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6169971 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61699712018-10-19 Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly Cherairia, Mouna Adler, Peter H. PLoS One Research Article The ability of aquatic insects to colonize Earth’s most remote freshwater habitats, such as those of islands and deserts, is limited to select taxa. Among black flies, the premiere colonization specialist is Simulium ruficorne Macquart, the only species known from both the Afrotropical and Palearctic regions. We investigated the cytogenetics of S. ruficorne to gain insight into its wide geographic distribution and ability to colonize oceanic islands and deserts. On the basis of larval polytene chromosomes from 14 locations, we documented 17 novel and previously known chromosomal rearrangements and established five cytoforms (A1, A2, B, C, and D), of which probably four (A1/A2, B, C, and D) are distinct species and two (A1 and A2) represent sex-chromosome polymorphism involving a heteroband in the long arm of chromosome III. The chromosome restructuring phenomena associated with the five cytoforms are consistent with the trend in the Simuliidae that one and the same rearrangement can assume different functions in the various descendants of a common ancestor in which the rearrangement was polymorphic. The most widely distributed cytoforms are A1 and A2, which are found in North Africa, the Canary Islands, and Majorca. Simulium ruficorne, the only known black fly in the Hoggar Mountains of the central Sahara Desert, represents a cohesive population of cytoform A1 little differentiated from other North African populations of A1 and A2. Cytoform B inhabits the West African mainland, cytoform C is on Tenerife, and cytoform D is on Cape Verde. We suggest that dispersal and colonization specialists, such as S. ruficorne, are multivoltine inhabitants of temporary streams, and must relocate as their habitats deteriorate. Simulium ruficorne, therefore, should have adaptations that contribute to successful dispersal and colonization, perhaps largely physiological in nature, such as tolerance of high temperatures and droughts. Public Library of Science 2018-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6169971/ /pubmed/30281665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205137 Text en © 2018 Cherairia, Adler http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Cherairia, Mouna Adler, Peter H. Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly |
title | Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly |
title_full | Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly |
title_fullStr | Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly |
title_short | Genetic variation in a colonization specialist, Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly |
title_sort | genetic variation in a colonization specialist, simulium ruficorne (diptera: simuliidae), the world’s most widely distributed black fly |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169971/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30281665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205137 |
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