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Risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of Northern Tanzania: an unmatched case–control study

Bacillus anthracis is an aerobic, Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium, which causes anthrax in herbivores. Humans get infected after coming into contact with infected animals' products. An unmatched case–control study was conducted to identify the importance of demographic, biological and...

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Autores principales: Mwakapeje, Elibariki R., Høgset, Sol, Softic, Adis, Mghamba, Janneth, Nonga, Hezron E., Mdegela, Robinson H., Skjerve, Eystein
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6170534/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30839712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180479
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author Mwakapeje, Elibariki R.
Høgset, Sol
Softic, Adis
Mghamba, Janneth
Nonga, Hezron E.
Mdegela, Robinson H.
Skjerve, Eystein
author_facet Mwakapeje, Elibariki R.
Høgset, Sol
Softic, Adis
Mghamba, Janneth
Nonga, Hezron E.
Mdegela, Robinson H.
Skjerve, Eystein
author_sort Mwakapeje, Elibariki R.
collection PubMed
description Bacillus anthracis is an aerobic, Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium, which causes anthrax in herbivores. Humans get infected after coming into contact with infected animals' products. An unmatched case–control study was conducted to identify the importance of demographic, biological and/or behavioural factors associated with human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot areas of Northern Tanzania. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls. The age range of participants was 1–80 years with a median age of 32 years. In the younger group (1–20 years), the odds of being infected were 25 times higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (OR= 25, 95% CI = 1.5–410). By contrast, the odds of exposure in the old group (≥20 years) were three times lower in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.28–8.00). Demographic characteristics, sleeping on animal's skins, contacting with infected carcasses through skinning and butchering, and not having formal education were linked to exposure for anthrax infection. Hence, a One Health approach is inevitable for the prevention and control of anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot areas of Northern Tanzania.
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spelling pubmed-61705342018-10-18 Risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of Northern Tanzania: an unmatched case–control study Mwakapeje, Elibariki R. Høgset, Sol Softic, Adis Mghamba, Janneth Nonga, Hezron E. Mdegela, Robinson H. Skjerve, Eystein R Soc Open Sci Biology (Whole Organism) Bacillus anthracis is an aerobic, Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium, which causes anthrax in herbivores. Humans get infected after coming into contact with infected animals' products. An unmatched case–control study was conducted to identify the importance of demographic, biological and/or behavioural factors associated with human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot areas of Northern Tanzania. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls. The age range of participants was 1–80 years with a median age of 32 years. In the younger group (1–20 years), the odds of being infected were 25 times higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (OR= 25, 95% CI = 1.5–410). By contrast, the odds of exposure in the old group (≥20 years) were three times lower in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.28–8.00). Demographic characteristics, sleeping on animal's skins, contacting with infected carcasses through skinning and butchering, and not having formal education were linked to exposure for anthrax infection. Hence, a One Health approach is inevitable for the prevention and control of anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot areas of Northern Tanzania. The Royal Society 2018-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6170534/ /pubmed/30839712 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180479 Text en © 2018 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Biology (Whole Organism)
Mwakapeje, Elibariki R.
Høgset, Sol
Softic, Adis
Mghamba, Janneth
Nonga, Hezron E.
Mdegela, Robinson H.
Skjerve, Eystein
Risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of Northern Tanzania: an unmatched case–control study
title Risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of Northern Tanzania: an unmatched case–control study
title_full Risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of Northern Tanzania: an unmatched case–control study
title_fullStr Risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of Northern Tanzania: an unmatched case–control study
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of Northern Tanzania: an unmatched case–control study
title_short Risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of Northern Tanzania: an unmatched case–control study
title_sort risk factors for human cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in the hotspot districts of northern tanzania: an unmatched case–control study
topic Biology (Whole Organism)
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6170534/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30839712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180479
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