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Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity
Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections. However, they can induce exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, bronchiolitis in infants, and significant lower respiratory tract infections in children, the immunosuppressed, and the elderly. T...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
F1000 Research Limited
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6173106/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30345002 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15337.1 |
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author | Makris, Spyridon Johnston, Sebastian |
author_facet | Makris, Spyridon Johnston, Sebastian |
author_sort | Makris, Spyridon |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections. However, they can induce exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, bronchiolitis in infants, and significant lower respiratory tract infections in children, the immunosuppressed, and the elderly. The large number of rhinovirus strains (currently about 160) and their antigenic diversity are significant obstacles in vaccine development. The phenotype of immune responses induced during rhinovirus infection can affect disease severity. Recognition of rhinovirus and a balance of innate responses are important factors in rhinovirus-induced morbidity. Immune responses to rhinovirus infections in healthy individuals are typically of the T helper type 1 (Th1) phenotype. However, rhinovirus-driven asthma exacerbations are additionally characterised by an amplified Th2 immune response and airway neutrophilia. This commentary focuses on recent advances in understanding immunity toward rhinovirus infection and how innate and adaptive immune responses drive rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6173106 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | F1000 Research Limited |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61731062018-10-19 Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity Makris, Spyridon Johnston, Sebastian F1000Res Review Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections. However, they can induce exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, bronchiolitis in infants, and significant lower respiratory tract infections in children, the immunosuppressed, and the elderly. The large number of rhinovirus strains (currently about 160) and their antigenic diversity are significant obstacles in vaccine development. The phenotype of immune responses induced during rhinovirus infection can affect disease severity. Recognition of rhinovirus and a balance of innate responses are important factors in rhinovirus-induced morbidity. Immune responses to rhinovirus infections in healthy individuals are typically of the T helper type 1 (Th1) phenotype. However, rhinovirus-driven asthma exacerbations are additionally characterised by an amplified Th2 immune response and airway neutrophilia. This commentary focuses on recent advances in understanding immunity toward rhinovirus infection and how innate and adaptive immune responses drive rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations. F1000 Research Limited 2018-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6173106/ /pubmed/30345002 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15337.1 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Makris S and Johnston S http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Makris, Spyridon Johnston, Sebastian Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity |
title | Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity |
title_full | Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity |
title_fullStr | Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity |
title_short | Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity |
title_sort | recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6173106/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30345002 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15337.1 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT makrisspyridon recentadvancesinunderstandingrhinovirusimmunity AT johnstonsebastian recentadvancesinunderstandingrhinovirusimmunity |