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Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: What are the parenting behaviors that shape child compliance? Most research on parent-child interactions relies on correlational research or evaluations of “package deal” interventions that manipulate many aspects of parenting at the same time. Neither approach allows for identifying the...

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Autores principales: Leijten, Patty, Gardner, Frances, Melendez-Torres, G. J., Knerr, Wendy, Overbeek, Geertjan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6173420/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30289928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204929
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author Leijten, Patty
Gardner, Frances
Melendez-Torres, G. J.
Knerr, Wendy
Overbeek, Geertjan
author_facet Leijten, Patty
Gardner, Frances
Melendez-Torres, G. J.
Knerr, Wendy
Overbeek, Geertjan
author_sort Leijten, Patty
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: What are the parenting behaviors that shape child compliance? Most research on parent-child interactions relies on correlational research or evaluations of “package deal” interventions that manipulate many aspects of parenting at the same time. Neither approach allows for identifying the specific parenting behaviors that shape child compliance. To overcome this, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed available evidence on the effects of experimentally manipulated, discrete parenting behaviors—a niche in parent-child interaction research that contributes unique information on the specific parenting behaviors that shape child behavior. METHODS: We identified studies by systematically searching databases and through contacting experts. Nineteen studies (75 effect sizes) on four discrete parenting behaviors were included: praise, verbal reprimands, time-out, and ignore. In multilevel models, we tested for each parenting behavior whether it increased child compliance, including both observed and parent-reported measures of child compliance. RESULTS: Providing “time-out” for noncompliance robustly increased both observed and parent-reported child compliance (ds = 0.84–1.72; 95% CI 0.30 to 2.54). The same holds for briefly ignoring the child after non-compliance (ds = 0.36–1.77; 95% CI 0.04 to 2.90). When observed and parent-reported outcomes were combined, but not when they were examined separately, verbal reprimands also increased child compliance (d = 0.72; 95% CI 0.26 to 1.19). Praise did not increase child compliance (ds = –0.27–1.19; 95% CI –2.04 to 1.59). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that of the discrete parenting behaviors that are experimentally studied in multiple trials, especially time-out and ignore, and to some extent verbal reprimands, shape child compliance.
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spelling pubmed-61734202018-10-19 Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis Leijten, Patty Gardner, Frances Melendez-Torres, G. J. Knerr, Wendy Overbeek, Geertjan PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: What are the parenting behaviors that shape child compliance? Most research on parent-child interactions relies on correlational research or evaluations of “package deal” interventions that manipulate many aspects of parenting at the same time. Neither approach allows for identifying the specific parenting behaviors that shape child compliance. To overcome this, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed available evidence on the effects of experimentally manipulated, discrete parenting behaviors—a niche in parent-child interaction research that contributes unique information on the specific parenting behaviors that shape child behavior. METHODS: We identified studies by systematically searching databases and through contacting experts. Nineteen studies (75 effect sizes) on four discrete parenting behaviors were included: praise, verbal reprimands, time-out, and ignore. In multilevel models, we tested for each parenting behavior whether it increased child compliance, including both observed and parent-reported measures of child compliance. RESULTS: Providing “time-out” for noncompliance robustly increased both observed and parent-reported child compliance (ds = 0.84–1.72; 95% CI 0.30 to 2.54). The same holds for briefly ignoring the child after non-compliance (ds = 0.36–1.77; 95% CI 0.04 to 2.90). When observed and parent-reported outcomes were combined, but not when they were examined separately, verbal reprimands also increased child compliance (d = 0.72; 95% CI 0.26 to 1.19). Praise did not increase child compliance (ds = –0.27–1.19; 95% CI –2.04 to 1.59). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that of the discrete parenting behaviors that are experimentally studied in multiple trials, especially time-out and ignore, and to some extent verbal reprimands, shape child compliance. Public Library of Science 2018-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6173420/ /pubmed/30289928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204929 Text en © 2018 Leijten et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Leijten, Patty
Gardner, Frances
Melendez-Torres, G. J.
Knerr, Wendy
Overbeek, Geertjan
Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis
title Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis
title_full Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis
title_fullStr Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis
title_short Parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: A multilevel meta-analysis
title_sort parenting behaviors that shape child compliance: a multilevel meta-analysis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6173420/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30289928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204929
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