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Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review
Hydrocodone is one of the most prescribed oral analgesic drugs and it is one of the most abused drugs in general population. It is a mu-opioid agonist predominantly metabolized to the O-demethylated product hydromorphone and to the N-demethylated product norhydrocodone. The purpose of the study is t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174210/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327606 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01122 |
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author | Cardia, Luigi Calapai, Gioacchino Quattrone, Domenico Mondello, Cristina Arcoraci, Vincenzo Calapai, Fabrizio Mannucci, Carmen Mondello, Epifanio |
author_facet | Cardia, Luigi Calapai, Gioacchino Quattrone, Domenico Mondello, Cristina Arcoraci, Vincenzo Calapai, Fabrizio Mannucci, Carmen Mondello, Epifanio |
author_sort | Cardia, Luigi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hydrocodone is one of the most prescribed oral analgesic drugs and it is one of the most abused drugs in general population. It is a mu-opioid agonist predominantly metabolized to the O-demethylated product hydromorphone and to the N-demethylated product norhydrocodone. The purpose of the study is to summarize the preclinical and clinical characteristics of hydrocodone. Pharmacokinetic aspect (terminal half-life, maximum serum concentration, and time to maximum serum concentration) of hydrocodone and the influence of metabolic genetic polymorphism in analgesic response to hydrocodone are also illustrated and commented. Literature on experimental preclinical pharmacology investigating analgesic activity in laboratory animals is furtherly discussed. Moreover, the authors discuss and comment on the updated data regarding safety profile and effectiveness of hydrocodone in the treatment of chronic pain. A bibliographic research was carried out (from February 01, 2018 to August 28, 2018) independently by two researchers (blinded to the authors and initially on results) in the major scientific databases and research engines of peer-reviewed literature on life sciences and biomedical topics, starting from January 1990 to August 2018. Analysis of results of clinical studies suggests that abuse-deterrent extended-release (ER) hydrocodone formulations can be effective and they are well tolerated in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Weaker is the evidence of the analgesic effectiveness of ER hydrocodone on other chronic pain syndromes and non-cancer non-neuropathic chronic pain. In these conditions, hydrocodone showed to have positive effects in non-controlled open studies and needs to be further studied to assess the real strength of results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6174210 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61742102018-10-16 Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review Cardia, Luigi Calapai, Gioacchino Quattrone, Domenico Mondello, Cristina Arcoraci, Vincenzo Calapai, Fabrizio Mannucci, Carmen Mondello, Epifanio Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Hydrocodone is one of the most prescribed oral analgesic drugs and it is one of the most abused drugs in general population. It is a mu-opioid agonist predominantly metabolized to the O-demethylated product hydromorphone and to the N-demethylated product norhydrocodone. The purpose of the study is to summarize the preclinical and clinical characteristics of hydrocodone. Pharmacokinetic aspect (terminal half-life, maximum serum concentration, and time to maximum serum concentration) of hydrocodone and the influence of metabolic genetic polymorphism in analgesic response to hydrocodone are also illustrated and commented. Literature on experimental preclinical pharmacology investigating analgesic activity in laboratory animals is furtherly discussed. Moreover, the authors discuss and comment on the updated data regarding safety profile and effectiveness of hydrocodone in the treatment of chronic pain. A bibliographic research was carried out (from February 01, 2018 to August 28, 2018) independently by two researchers (blinded to the authors and initially on results) in the major scientific databases and research engines of peer-reviewed literature on life sciences and biomedical topics, starting from January 1990 to August 2018. Analysis of results of clinical studies suggests that abuse-deterrent extended-release (ER) hydrocodone formulations can be effective and they are well tolerated in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Weaker is the evidence of the analgesic effectiveness of ER hydrocodone on other chronic pain syndromes and non-cancer non-neuropathic chronic pain. In these conditions, hydrocodone showed to have positive effects in non-controlled open studies and needs to be further studied to assess the real strength of results. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6174210/ /pubmed/30327606 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01122 Text en Copyright © 2018 Cardia, Calapai, Quattrone, Mondello, Arcoraci, Calapai, Mannucci and Mondello. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Cardia, Luigi Calapai, Gioacchino Quattrone, Domenico Mondello, Cristina Arcoraci, Vincenzo Calapai, Fabrizio Mannucci, Carmen Mondello, Epifanio Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review |
title | Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review |
title_full | Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review |
title_fullStr | Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review |
title_short | Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Hydrocodone for Chronic Pain: A Mini Review |
title_sort | preclinical and clinical pharmacology of hydrocodone for chronic pain: a mini review |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174210/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327606 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01122 |
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