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Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias

Intergroup biases can manifest themselves between a wide variety of different groups such as people from different races, nations, ethnicities, political or religious beliefs, opposing sport teams or even arbitrary groups. In this review we provide a neuroscientific overview of functional Magnetic R...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Molenberghs, Pascal, Louis, Winnifred R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174241/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327636
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01868
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author Molenberghs, Pascal
Louis, Winnifred R.
author_facet Molenberghs, Pascal
Louis, Winnifred R.
author_sort Molenberghs, Pascal
collection PubMed
description Intergroup biases can manifest themselves between a wide variety of different groups such as people from different races, nations, ethnicities, political or religious beliefs, opposing sport teams or even arbitrary groups. In this review we provide a neuroscientific overview of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies that have revealed how group dynamics impact on various cognitive and emotional systems at different levels of information processing. We first describe how people can perceive the faces, words and actions of ingroup and outgroup members in a biased way. Second, we focus on how activity in brain areas involved in empathizing with the pain of others, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI), are influenced by group membership. Third, we describe how group membership influences activity in brain areas involved in mentalizing such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Fourth, we discuss the involvement of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) in increased moral sensitivity for outgroup threats. Finally, we discuss how brain areas involved in the reward system such as the striatum and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), are more active when experiencing schadenfreude for outgroup harm and when rewarding ingroup (versus outgroup) members. The value of these neuroscientific insights to better understand ingroup bias are discussed, as well as limitations and future research directions.
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spelling pubmed-61742412018-10-16 Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias Molenberghs, Pascal Louis, Winnifred R. Front Psychol Psychology Intergroup biases can manifest themselves between a wide variety of different groups such as people from different races, nations, ethnicities, political or religious beliefs, opposing sport teams or even arbitrary groups. In this review we provide a neuroscientific overview of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies that have revealed how group dynamics impact on various cognitive and emotional systems at different levels of information processing. We first describe how people can perceive the faces, words and actions of ingroup and outgroup members in a biased way. Second, we focus on how activity in brain areas involved in empathizing with the pain of others, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI), are influenced by group membership. Third, we describe how group membership influences activity in brain areas involved in mentalizing such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Fourth, we discuss the involvement of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) in increased moral sensitivity for outgroup threats. Finally, we discuss how brain areas involved in the reward system such as the striatum and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), are more active when experiencing schadenfreude for outgroup harm and when rewarding ingroup (versus outgroup) members. The value of these neuroscientific insights to better understand ingroup bias are discussed, as well as limitations and future research directions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6174241/ /pubmed/30327636 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01868 Text en Copyright © 2018 Molenberghs and Louis. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Molenberghs, Pascal
Louis, Winnifred R.
Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias
title Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias
title_full Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias
title_fullStr Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias
title_full_unstemmed Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias
title_short Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias
title_sort insights from fmri studies into ingroup bias
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174241/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327636
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01868
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