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Impact of Genetic Selection for Increased Cattle Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis on Disease Transmission Dynamics

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) poses a challenge to animal health and welfare worldwide. Presence of genetic variation in host resistance to Mycobacterium bovis infection makes the trait amenable to improvement with genetic selection. Genetic evaluations for resistance to infection in dairy cattle are cu...

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Autores principales: Raphaka, Kethusegile, Sánchez-Molano, Enrique, Tsairidou, Smaragda, Anacleto, Osvaldo, Glass, Elizabeth Janet, Woolliams, John Arthur, Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea, Banos, Georgios
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327771
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00237
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author Raphaka, Kethusegile
Sánchez-Molano, Enrique
Tsairidou, Smaragda
Anacleto, Osvaldo
Glass, Elizabeth Janet
Woolliams, John Arthur
Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea
Banos, Georgios
author_facet Raphaka, Kethusegile
Sánchez-Molano, Enrique
Tsairidou, Smaragda
Anacleto, Osvaldo
Glass, Elizabeth Janet
Woolliams, John Arthur
Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea
Banos, Georgios
author_sort Raphaka, Kethusegile
collection PubMed
description Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) poses a challenge to animal health and welfare worldwide. Presence of genetic variation in host resistance to Mycobacterium bovis infection makes the trait amenable to improvement with genetic selection. Genetic evaluations for resistance to infection in dairy cattle are currently available in the United Kingdom (UK), enabling genetic selection of more resistant animals. However, the extent to which genetic selection could contribute to bTB eradication is unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of genetic selection for bTB resistance on cattle-to-cattle disease transmission dynamics and prevalence by developing a stochastic genetic epidemiological model. The model was used to implement genetic selection in a simulated cattle population. The model considered various levels of selection intensity over 20 generations assuming genetic heterogeneity in host resistance to infection. Our model attempted to represent the dairy cattle population structure and current bTB control strategies in the UK, and was informed by genetic and epidemiological parameters inferred from data collected from UK bTB infected dairy herds. The risk of a bTB breakdown was modeled as the percentage of herds where initially infected cows (index cases) generated secondary cases by infecting herd-mates. The model predicted that this risk would be reduced by half after 4, 6, 9, and 15 generations for selection intensities corresponding to genetic selection of the 10, 25, 50, and 70% most resistant sires, respectively. In herds undergoing bTB breakdowns, genetic selection reduced the severity of breakdowns over generations by reducing both the percentage of secondary cases and the duration over which new secondary cases were detected. Selection of the 10, 25, 50, and 70% most resistant sires reduced the percentage of secondary cases to <1% in 4, 5, 7, and 11 generations, respectively. Similarly, the proportion of long breakdowns (breakdowns in which secondary cases were detected for more than 365 days) was reduced by half in 2, 2, 3, and 4 generations, respectively. Collectively, results suggest that genetic selection could be a viable tool that can complement existing management and surveillance methods to control and ultimately eradicate bTB.
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spelling pubmed-61742932018-10-16 Impact of Genetic Selection for Increased Cattle Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis on Disease Transmission Dynamics Raphaka, Kethusegile Sánchez-Molano, Enrique Tsairidou, Smaragda Anacleto, Osvaldo Glass, Elizabeth Janet Woolliams, John Arthur Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea Banos, Georgios Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) poses a challenge to animal health and welfare worldwide. Presence of genetic variation in host resistance to Mycobacterium bovis infection makes the trait amenable to improvement with genetic selection. Genetic evaluations for resistance to infection in dairy cattle are currently available in the United Kingdom (UK), enabling genetic selection of more resistant animals. However, the extent to which genetic selection could contribute to bTB eradication is unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of genetic selection for bTB resistance on cattle-to-cattle disease transmission dynamics and prevalence by developing a stochastic genetic epidemiological model. The model was used to implement genetic selection in a simulated cattle population. The model considered various levels of selection intensity over 20 generations assuming genetic heterogeneity in host resistance to infection. Our model attempted to represent the dairy cattle population structure and current bTB control strategies in the UK, and was informed by genetic and epidemiological parameters inferred from data collected from UK bTB infected dairy herds. The risk of a bTB breakdown was modeled as the percentage of herds where initially infected cows (index cases) generated secondary cases by infecting herd-mates. The model predicted that this risk would be reduced by half after 4, 6, 9, and 15 generations for selection intensities corresponding to genetic selection of the 10, 25, 50, and 70% most resistant sires, respectively. In herds undergoing bTB breakdowns, genetic selection reduced the severity of breakdowns over generations by reducing both the percentage of secondary cases and the duration over which new secondary cases were detected. Selection of the 10, 25, 50, and 70% most resistant sires reduced the percentage of secondary cases to <1% in 4, 5, 7, and 11 generations, respectively. Similarly, the proportion of long breakdowns (breakdowns in which secondary cases were detected for more than 365 days) was reduced by half in 2, 2, 3, and 4 generations, respectively. Collectively, results suggest that genetic selection could be a viable tool that can complement existing management and surveillance methods to control and ultimately eradicate bTB. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6174293/ /pubmed/30327771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00237 Text en Copyright © 2018 Raphaka, Sánchez-Molano, Tsairidou, Anacleto, Glass, Woolliams, Doeschl-Wilson and Banos. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Raphaka, Kethusegile
Sánchez-Molano, Enrique
Tsairidou, Smaragda
Anacleto, Osvaldo
Glass, Elizabeth Janet
Woolliams, John Arthur
Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea
Banos, Georgios
Impact of Genetic Selection for Increased Cattle Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis on Disease Transmission Dynamics
title Impact of Genetic Selection for Increased Cattle Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis on Disease Transmission Dynamics
title_full Impact of Genetic Selection for Increased Cattle Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis on Disease Transmission Dynamics
title_fullStr Impact of Genetic Selection for Increased Cattle Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis on Disease Transmission Dynamics
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Genetic Selection for Increased Cattle Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis on Disease Transmission Dynamics
title_short Impact of Genetic Selection for Increased Cattle Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis on Disease Transmission Dynamics
title_sort impact of genetic selection for increased cattle resistance to bovine tuberculosis on disease transmission dynamics
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30327771
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00237
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