Effect of the Ratio of Magnetite Particle Size to Microwave Penetration Depth on Reduction Reaction Behaviour by H(2)

In this study, we investigated reduction of magnetite by H(2) during microwave irradiation. This process combines the advantages of microwave irradiation and using H(2) as a reducing agent to mitigate CO(2) emissions during the ironmaking process. Weight change measurements showed that a reduction of 75% was achieved after treatment under H(2) for 60 min. For better understanding of the effective parameters in microwave chemistry, scanning electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), was performed, which demonstrated a greater reduction of large particles (>40 μm) than small particles. This behaviour could be attributed to the higher microwave absorption capability of large particles with a higher ratio of particle size to penetration depth (d/δ). Small particles behave as transparent material and are heated via conduction and/or convection; thus, there is no contribution from the catalytic effect of microwaves to the reduction reaction. Moreover, the reduction of Fe(3)O(4) to Fe(0.94)O, followed by transformation to Fe, seems to proceed from the surface toward the centre of the particle despite the volumetric microwave heating. This could be due to the higher gas accessibility of iron oxide on the particle surface than in the particle centre.