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In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots
Biobotics investigates the use of live insects as biological robots whose locomotion can be controlled by neurostimulation through implanted electrodes. Inactivity in the biobots (biological robots) can sometimes be noticed following extended neurostimulation, partly owing to incompatibility of impl...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179205/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30303994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203880 |
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author | Latif, Tahmid McKnight, Michael Dickey, Michael D. Bozkurt, Alper |
author_facet | Latif, Tahmid McKnight, Michael Dickey, Michael D. Bozkurt, Alper |
author_sort | Latif, Tahmid |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biobotics investigates the use of live insects as biological robots whose locomotion can be controlled by neurostimulation through implanted electrodes. Inactivity in the biobots (biological robots) can sometimes be noticed following extended neurostimulation, partly owing to incompatibility of implanted electrodes with the biobotic application or gradual degradation of the tissue-electrode interface. Implanted electrodes need to sufficiently exhibit consistent, reliable, and stable performance during stimulation experiments, have low tissue-electrode impedance, facilitate good charge injection capacity, and be compact in size or shape. Towards the goal of finding such electrodes suitable for biobotic applications, we compare electrochemical performances of five different types of electrodes in vitro with a saline based electrolytic medium. These include stainless steel wire electrodes, microfabricated flexible gold electrodes coated with PEDOT:PSS conductive polymer, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) in a tube, and “hybrid” stainless steel electrodes coated with EGaIn. We also performed accelerated aging of the electrodes to help estimate their longitudinal performance. Based on our experimentation, microfabricated electrodes with PEDOT:PSS and stainless steel electrodes coated with EGaIn performed remarkably well. This is the first time conductive polymer and liquid metal electrodes were studied comparatively for neurostimulation applications. These in vitro comparison results will be used in the future to provide a benchmark for subsequent in vivo tests with implanted electrodes in cockroach biobots. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6179205 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61792052018-10-19 In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots Latif, Tahmid McKnight, Michael Dickey, Michael D. Bozkurt, Alper PLoS One Research Article Biobotics investigates the use of live insects as biological robots whose locomotion can be controlled by neurostimulation through implanted electrodes. Inactivity in the biobots (biological robots) can sometimes be noticed following extended neurostimulation, partly owing to incompatibility of implanted electrodes with the biobotic application or gradual degradation of the tissue-electrode interface. Implanted electrodes need to sufficiently exhibit consistent, reliable, and stable performance during stimulation experiments, have low tissue-electrode impedance, facilitate good charge injection capacity, and be compact in size or shape. Towards the goal of finding such electrodes suitable for biobotic applications, we compare electrochemical performances of five different types of electrodes in vitro with a saline based electrolytic medium. These include stainless steel wire electrodes, microfabricated flexible gold electrodes coated with PEDOT:PSS conductive polymer, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) in a tube, and “hybrid” stainless steel electrodes coated with EGaIn. We also performed accelerated aging of the electrodes to help estimate their longitudinal performance. Based on our experimentation, microfabricated electrodes with PEDOT:PSS and stainless steel electrodes coated with EGaIn performed remarkably well. This is the first time conductive polymer and liquid metal electrodes were studied comparatively for neurostimulation applications. These in vitro comparison results will be used in the future to provide a benchmark for subsequent in vivo tests with implanted electrodes in cockroach biobots. Public Library of Science 2018-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6179205/ /pubmed/30303994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203880 Text en © 2018 Latif et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Latif, Tahmid McKnight, Michael Dickey, Michael D. Bozkurt, Alper In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots |
title | In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots |
title_full | In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots |
title_fullStr | In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots |
title_full_unstemmed | In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots |
title_short | In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots |
title_sort | in vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179205/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30303994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203880 |
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