Acute Abdomen with Ileus: A Heralding Presentation of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

The pathophysiology of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) with use of psychotropic drugs is still unclear. Although a rare event with an incidence of 0.02–3.2%, when not promptly recognized and managed, it carries a high mortality (10–20%) and morbidity rate. Presentation can be either typical, with muscle rigidity and hyperpyrexia, or atypical, the latter posing diagnostic and early management challenges in clinical practice. Our patient presented with delayed fever and ileus, making early diagnosis difficult. We propose that NMS be considered an alternate diagnosis in patients using psychotropic medications and manifest ileus and delayed fever, especially after other differentials have been excluded.