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Proof of concept study: Testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films

Humans emit numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through breath and skin. The nature and rate of these emissions are affected by various factors including emotional state. Previous measurements of VOCs and CO(2) in a cinema have shown that certain chemicals are reproducibly emitted by audience...

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Autores principales: Stönner, C., Edtbauer, A., Derstroff, B., Bourtsoukidis, E., Klüpfel, T., Wicker, J., Williams, J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6181293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30307954
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203044
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author Stönner, C.
Edtbauer, A.
Derstroff, B.
Bourtsoukidis, E.
Klüpfel, T.
Wicker, J.
Williams, J.
author_facet Stönner, C.
Edtbauer, A.
Derstroff, B.
Bourtsoukidis, E.
Klüpfel, T.
Wicker, J.
Williams, J.
author_sort Stönner, C.
collection PubMed
description Humans emit numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through breath and skin. The nature and rate of these emissions are affected by various factors including emotional state. Previous measurements of VOCs and CO(2) in a cinema have shown that certain chemicals are reproducibly emitted by audiences reacting to events in a particular film. Using data from films with various age classifications, we have studied the relationship between the emission of multiple VOCs and CO(2) and the age classifier (0, 6, 12, and 16) with a view to developing a new chemically based and objective film classification method. We apply a random forest model built with time independent features extracted from the time series of every measured compound, and test predictive capability on subsets of all data. It was found that most compounds were not able to predict all age classifiers reliably, likely reflecting the fact that current classification is based on perceived sensibilities to many factors (e.g. incidences of violence, sex, antisocial behaviour, drug use, and bad language) rather than the visceral biological responses expressed in the data. However, promising results were found for isoprene which reliably predicted 0, 6 and 12 age classifiers for a variety of film genres and audience age groups. Therefore, isoprene emission per person might in future be a valuable aid to national classification boards, or even offer an alternative, objective, metric for rating films based on the reactions of large groups of people.
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spelling pubmed-61812932018-10-26 Proof of concept study: Testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films Stönner, C. Edtbauer, A. Derstroff, B. Bourtsoukidis, E. Klüpfel, T. Wicker, J. Williams, J. PLoS One Research Article Humans emit numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through breath and skin. The nature and rate of these emissions are affected by various factors including emotional state. Previous measurements of VOCs and CO(2) in a cinema have shown that certain chemicals are reproducibly emitted by audiences reacting to events in a particular film. Using data from films with various age classifications, we have studied the relationship between the emission of multiple VOCs and CO(2) and the age classifier (0, 6, 12, and 16) with a view to developing a new chemically based and objective film classification method. We apply a random forest model built with time independent features extracted from the time series of every measured compound, and test predictive capability on subsets of all data. It was found that most compounds were not able to predict all age classifiers reliably, likely reflecting the fact that current classification is based on perceived sensibilities to many factors (e.g. incidences of violence, sex, antisocial behaviour, drug use, and bad language) rather than the visceral biological responses expressed in the data. However, promising results were found for isoprene which reliably predicted 0, 6 and 12 age classifiers for a variety of film genres and audience age groups. Therefore, isoprene emission per person might in future be a valuable aid to national classification boards, or even offer an alternative, objective, metric for rating films based on the reactions of large groups of people. Public Library of Science 2018-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6181293/ /pubmed/30307954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203044 Text en © 2018 Stönner et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Stönner, C.
Edtbauer, A.
Derstroff, B.
Bourtsoukidis, E.
Klüpfel, T.
Wicker, J.
Williams, J.
Proof of concept study: Testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films
title Proof of concept study: Testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films
title_full Proof of concept study: Testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films
title_fullStr Proof of concept study: Testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films
title_full_unstemmed Proof of concept study: Testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films
title_short Proof of concept study: Testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films
title_sort proof of concept study: testing human volatile organic compounds as tools for age classification of films
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6181293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30307954
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203044
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