Cargando…

Increasing Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

The earliest stages of development are critically sensitive to environmental insults. An unfortunately timed stress on the developing brain can have dramatic consequences for the neurodevelopment and future mental health of the individual. In particular, infection of the mother during pregnancy has...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Pancaro, Carlo, Mashour, George A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6182081/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30344483
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00230
_version_ 1783362489902170112
author Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie
Pancaro, Carlo
Mashour, George A.
author_facet Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie
Pancaro, Carlo
Mashour, George A.
author_sort Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie
collection PubMed
description The earliest stages of development are critically sensitive to environmental insults. An unfortunately timed stress on the developing brain can have dramatic consequences for the neurodevelopment and future mental health of the individual. In particular, infection of the mother during pregnancy has been correlated with increased risk of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence suggests that maternal immune activation, independently from the infection itself, can be responsible for the outcome in the offspring. This recognition has resulted in expanding study designs from epidemiologic correlations to the search for a causal relationship between activation of the maternal immune system and cognitive consequences for the offspring. However, this causality analysis remained limited in humans until recent work that longitudinally linked specific markers of maternal inflammation during pregnancy with alterations of the newborn brain and cognitive development of toddlers. This focused narrative review compares and discusses the results of these recent studies and places them into the broader landscape of maternal immune activation literature. New data point, in particular, to the association between the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and modifications of the offspring’s salience network and subsequent cognitive impairments. This article further emphasizes the need to carefully control for potential confounders in studying the effects of maternal immune activation on the neonatal brain as well as the under-investigated consequences of intra-partum fever on offspring neurodevelopment.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6182081
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-61820812018-10-19 Increasing Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie Pancaro, Carlo Mashour, George A. Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience The earliest stages of development are critically sensitive to environmental insults. An unfortunately timed stress on the developing brain can have dramatic consequences for the neurodevelopment and future mental health of the individual. In particular, infection of the mother during pregnancy has been correlated with increased risk of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence suggests that maternal immune activation, independently from the infection itself, can be responsible for the outcome in the offspring. This recognition has resulted in expanding study designs from epidemiologic correlations to the search for a causal relationship between activation of the maternal immune system and cognitive consequences for the offspring. However, this causality analysis remained limited in humans until recent work that longitudinally linked specific markers of maternal inflammation during pregnancy with alterations of the newborn brain and cognitive development of toddlers. This focused narrative review compares and discusses the results of these recent studies and places them into the broader landscape of maternal immune activation literature. New data point, in particular, to the association between the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and modifications of the offspring’s salience network and subsequent cognitive impairments. This article further emphasizes the need to carefully control for potential confounders in studying the effects of maternal immune activation on the neonatal brain as well as the under-investigated consequences of intra-partum fever on offspring neurodevelopment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6182081/ /pubmed/30344483 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00230 Text en Copyright © 2018 Boulanger-Bertolus, Pancaro and Mashour. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie
Pancaro, Carlo
Mashour, George A.
Increasing Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title Increasing Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_full Increasing Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_fullStr Increasing Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Increasing Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_short Increasing Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
title_sort increasing role of maternal immune activation in neurodevelopmental disorders
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6182081/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30344483
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00230
work_keys_str_mv AT boulangerbertolusjulie increasingroleofmaternalimmuneactivationinneurodevelopmentaldisorders
AT pancarocarlo increasingroleofmaternalimmuneactivationinneurodevelopmentaldisorders
AT mashourgeorgea increasingroleofmaternalimmuneactivationinneurodevelopmentaldisorders