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Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis

Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of self-digestion that removes damaged organelles and proteins from cells. Depending on the way the protein is delivered to the lysosome, four basic types of autophagy can be distinguished: macroautophagy, selective autophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy an...

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Autores principales: Bednarczyk, Martyna, Zmarzły, Nikola, Grabarek, Beniamin, Mazurek, Urszula, Muc-Wierzgoń, Małgorzata
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Impact Journals LLC 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6188136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30344951
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.26126
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author Bednarczyk, Martyna
Zmarzły, Nikola
Grabarek, Beniamin
Mazurek, Urszula
Muc-Wierzgoń, Małgorzata
author_facet Bednarczyk, Martyna
Zmarzły, Nikola
Grabarek, Beniamin
Mazurek, Urszula
Muc-Wierzgoń, Małgorzata
author_sort Bednarczyk, Martyna
collection PubMed
description Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of self-digestion that removes damaged organelles and proteins from cells. Depending on the way the protein is delivered to the lysosome, four basic types of autophagy can be distinguished: macroautophagy, selective autophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and microautophagy. Macroautophagy involves formation of autophagosomes and is controlled by specific autophagy-related genes. The steps in macroautophagy are initiation, phagophore elongation, autophagosome maturation, autophagosome fusion with the lysosome, and proteolytic degradation of the contents. Selective autophagy is macroautophagy of a specific cellular component. This work focuses on mitophagy (selective autophagy of abnormal and damaged mitochondria), in which the main participating protein is PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1). In chaperone-mediated autophagy, the substrate is bound to a heat shock protein 70 chaperone before it is delivered to the lysosome. The least characterized type of autophagy is microautophagy, which is the degradation of very small molecules without participation of an autophagosome. Autophagy can promote or inhibit tumor development, depending on the severity of the disease, the type of cancer, and the age of the patient. This paper describes the molecular basis of the different types of autophagy and their importance in cancer pathogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-61881362018-10-21 Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis Bednarczyk, Martyna Zmarzły, Nikola Grabarek, Beniamin Mazurek, Urszula Muc-Wierzgoń, Małgorzata Oncotarget Review Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of self-digestion that removes damaged organelles and proteins from cells. Depending on the way the protein is delivered to the lysosome, four basic types of autophagy can be distinguished: macroautophagy, selective autophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and microautophagy. Macroautophagy involves formation of autophagosomes and is controlled by specific autophagy-related genes. The steps in macroautophagy are initiation, phagophore elongation, autophagosome maturation, autophagosome fusion with the lysosome, and proteolytic degradation of the contents. Selective autophagy is macroautophagy of a specific cellular component. This work focuses on mitophagy (selective autophagy of abnormal and damaged mitochondria), in which the main participating protein is PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1). In chaperone-mediated autophagy, the substrate is bound to a heat shock protein 70 chaperone before it is delivered to the lysosome. The least characterized type of autophagy is microautophagy, which is the degradation of very small molecules without participation of an autophagosome. Autophagy can promote or inhibit tumor development, depending on the severity of the disease, the type of cancer, and the age of the patient. This paper describes the molecular basis of the different types of autophagy and their importance in cancer pathogenesis. Impact Journals LLC 2018-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6188136/ /pubmed/30344951 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.26126 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Bednarczyk et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Review
Bednarczyk, Martyna
Zmarzły, Nikola
Grabarek, Beniamin
Mazurek, Urszula
Muc-Wierzgoń, Małgorzata
Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis
title Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis
title_full Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis
title_fullStr Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis
title_short Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis
title_sort genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6188136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30344951
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.26126
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