Cargando…

Neural Circuits on a Chip

Neural circuits are responsible for the brain’s ability to process and store information. Reductionist approaches to understanding the brain include isolation of individual neurons for detailed characterization. When maintained in vitro for several days or weeks, dissociated neurons self-assemble in...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hasan, Md. Fayad, Berdichevsky, Yevgeny
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6190100/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30404330
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi7090157
_version_ 1783363499877990400
author Hasan, Md. Fayad
Berdichevsky, Yevgeny
author_facet Hasan, Md. Fayad
Berdichevsky, Yevgeny
author_sort Hasan, Md. Fayad
collection PubMed
description Neural circuits are responsible for the brain’s ability to process and store information. Reductionist approaches to understanding the brain include isolation of individual neurons for detailed characterization. When maintained in vitro for several days or weeks, dissociated neurons self-assemble into randomly connected networks that produce synchronized activity and are capable of learning. This review focuses on efforts to control neuronal connectivity in vitro and construct living neural circuits of increasing complexity and precision. Microfabrication-based methods have been developed to guide network self-assembly, accomplishing control over in vitro circuit size and connectivity. The ability to control neural connectivity and synchronized activity led to the implementation of logic functions using living neurons. Techniques to construct and control three-dimensional circuits have also been established. Advances in multiple electrode arrays as well as genetically encoded, optical activity sensors and transducers enabled highly specific interfaces to circuits composed of thousands of neurons. Further advances in on-chip neural circuits may lead to better understanding of the brain.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6190100
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-61901002018-11-01 Neural Circuits on a Chip Hasan, Md. Fayad Berdichevsky, Yevgeny Micromachines (Basel) Review Neural circuits are responsible for the brain’s ability to process and store information. Reductionist approaches to understanding the brain include isolation of individual neurons for detailed characterization. When maintained in vitro for several days or weeks, dissociated neurons self-assemble into randomly connected networks that produce synchronized activity and are capable of learning. This review focuses on efforts to control neuronal connectivity in vitro and construct living neural circuits of increasing complexity and precision. Microfabrication-based methods have been developed to guide network self-assembly, accomplishing control over in vitro circuit size and connectivity. The ability to control neural connectivity and synchronized activity led to the implementation of logic functions using living neurons. Techniques to construct and control three-dimensional circuits have also been established. Advances in multiple electrode arrays as well as genetically encoded, optical activity sensors and transducers enabled highly specific interfaces to circuits composed of thousands of neurons. Further advances in on-chip neural circuits may lead to better understanding of the brain. MDPI 2016-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6190100/ /pubmed/30404330 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi7090157 Text en © 2016 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hasan, Md. Fayad
Berdichevsky, Yevgeny
Neural Circuits on a Chip
title Neural Circuits on a Chip
title_full Neural Circuits on a Chip
title_fullStr Neural Circuits on a Chip
title_full_unstemmed Neural Circuits on a Chip
title_short Neural Circuits on a Chip
title_sort neural circuits on a chip
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6190100/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30404330
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi7090157
work_keys_str_mv AT hasanmdfayad neuralcircuitsonachip
AT berdichevskyyevgeny neuralcircuitsonachip