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Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators
We report multi-responsive and double-folding bilayer hydrogel sheet actuators, whose directional bending response is tuned by modulating the solvent quality and temperature and where locally crosslinked regions, induced by ionoprinting, enable the actuators to invert their bending axis. The sheets...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6190308/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30404273 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi7060098 |
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author | Morales, Daniel Podolsky, Igor Mailen, Russell W. Shay, Timothy Dickey, Michael D. Velev, Orlin D. |
author_facet | Morales, Daniel Podolsky, Igor Mailen, Russell W. Shay, Timothy Dickey, Michael D. Velev, Orlin D. |
author_sort | Morales, Daniel |
collection | PubMed |
description | We report multi-responsive and double-folding bilayer hydrogel sheet actuators, whose directional bending response is tuned by modulating the solvent quality and temperature and where locally crosslinked regions, induced by ionoprinting, enable the actuators to invert their bending axis. The sheets are made multi-responsive by combining two stimuli responsive gels that incur opposing and complementary swelling and shrinking responses to the same stimulus. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) can be tuned to specific temperatures depending on the EtOH concentration, enabling the actuators to change direction isothermally. Higher EtOH concentrations cause upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) gel networks, which can induce an amplifying effect during bilayer bending. External ionoprints reliably and repeatedly invert the gel bilayer bending axis between water and EtOH. Placing the ionoprint at the gel/gel interface can lead to opposite shape conformations, but with no clear trend in the bending behavior. We hypothesize that this is due to the ionoprint passing through the neutral axis of the bilayer during shrinking in hot water. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the actuators to achieve shapes unique to the specific external conditions towards developing more responsive and adaptive soft actuator devices. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6190308 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61903082018-11-01 Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators Morales, Daniel Podolsky, Igor Mailen, Russell W. Shay, Timothy Dickey, Michael D. Velev, Orlin D. Micromachines (Basel) Article We report multi-responsive and double-folding bilayer hydrogel sheet actuators, whose directional bending response is tuned by modulating the solvent quality and temperature and where locally crosslinked regions, induced by ionoprinting, enable the actuators to invert their bending axis. The sheets are made multi-responsive by combining two stimuli responsive gels that incur opposing and complementary swelling and shrinking responses to the same stimulus. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) can be tuned to specific temperatures depending on the EtOH concentration, enabling the actuators to change direction isothermally. Higher EtOH concentrations cause upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) gel networks, which can induce an amplifying effect during bilayer bending. External ionoprints reliably and repeatedly invert the gel bilayer bending axis between water and EtOH. Placing the ionoprint at the gel/gel interface can lead to opposite shape conformations, but with no clear trend in the bending behavior. We hypothesize that this is due to the ionoprint passing through the neutral axis of the bilayer during shrinking in hot water. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the actuators to achieve shapes unique to the specific external conditions towards developing more responsive and adaptive soft actuator devices. MDPI 2016-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6190308/ /pubmed/30404273 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi7060098 Text en © 2016 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Morales, Daniel Podolsky, Igor Mailen, Russell W. Shay, Timothy Dickey, Michael D. Velev, Orlin D. Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators |
title | Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators |
title_full | Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators |
title_fullStr | Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators |
title_full_unstemmed | Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators |
title_short | Ionoprinted Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators |
title_sort | ionoprinted multi-responsive hydrogel actuators |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6190308/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30404273 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi7060098 |
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