Systematic analysis of genetic variants in patients with essential tremor

BACKGROUND: Essential tremor (ET), a prevalent neurological disorder, is featured by postural and kinetic tremors in upper limbs. Studies of twins and families indicate an important role for genetic factors in ET development. There are substantial overlaps between ET and Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to examine the possible roles of genetic variants in ET development. METHODS: A total of 200 Han Chinese ET patients and 432 ethnically matched normal controls were enrolled, and genetic analysis of 23 variants in 15 genes was performed. RESULTS: Genotypic and allelic frequencies of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) variant rs34090186 showed statistically significant differences in ET patients and controls (p = 0.027 and 0.028, odds ratio = 2.789 and 2.744, 95% confidence interval: 1.084–7.179 and 1.075–7.005). No statistically significant difference was revealed in either genotypic or allelic distributions of other variants or haplotypes (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancies found in this study indicate the variant rs34090186 in the MC1R gene, some variants of which were reported to be related to increased risk of PD and melanoma, may play a risk role in ET, confirming a potential association between ET and PD. Evidence supporting ET‐PD link will continue to accumulate and improve our understanding of any underlying mechanisms for both disorders.