Association of Exercise Capacity, Cardiac Function, and Coronary Artery Calcification with Components for Metabolic Syndrome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of exercise capacity, cardiac function, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) with components of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. METHOD: Medical records of healthy adults who underwent exercise tolerance test (ETT), coronary CT angiography (CTA), and echocardiography of the heart for cardiac health check-up were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who had a history of severe cardiovascular disease or could not perform ETT due to other musculoskeletal problems were excluded. Subjects were classified into groups based on the number of components for metabolic syndrome: no component (Group 1, n=90), 1, 2 components (Group 2, n=321), and 3 or more components (Group 3, n=154). Exercise capacity was assessed using the symptom-limited ETT, and CAC score was obtained using the coronary CTA and Agatston score. Cardiac structure and function were assessed using echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 565 patients (mean (SD) age 59.5 (9.1), 340 men, 225 women) were selected. Exercise capacity was significantly lower in Group 3 than in the other groups (p<0.05). The CAC score was significantly higher in Group 3 than in the other groups (p<0.05). Compared to the other groups, echocardiography findings in Group 3 showed a greater hypertrophy of the left ventricle and reduction in the diastolic function (p<0.05). Exercise capacity, CAC score, cardiac structure, and function were different between the 3 groups, where a tendency to worsen was observed from Group 1 to Group 3. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome decreases exercise capacity of the patient and contributes to CAC, thereby increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases and deterioration in cardiac structure and function. Therefore, early detection of metabolic syndrome and subsequently the prevention and management of heart disease are necessary.