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Comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Shivering after spinal anesthesia is a common complication and can occur in as many as 40%–70% of patients after regional anesthesia. This shivering, apart from its physiological and hemodynamic effects, has been described as even worse than surgical pain. The aim of the study w...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30386019 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_211_16 |
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author | Ameta, Nihar Jacob, Mathews Hasnain, Shahbaz Ramesh, Gaurishankar |
author_facet | Ameta, Nihar Jacob, Mathews Hasnain, Shahbaz Ramesh, Gaurishankar |
author_sort | Ameta, Nihar |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Shivering after spinal anesthesia is a common complication and can occur in as many as 40%–70% of patients after regional anesthesia. This shivering, apart from its physiological and hemodynamic effects, has been described as even worse than surgical pain. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of prophylactic use of intravenous (IV) ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and tramadol for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients subjected to spinal anesthesia were included in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups to receive either ketamine 0.5 mg/kg IV or tramadol 0.5 mg/kg IV or dexmedetomidine 0.5 microgm/kg IV or 10 mL of 0.9% normal saline (NS). All the drugs/NS were administered as IV infusion over 10 min immediately before giving spinal anesthesia. Temperature (core and surface), heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation were assessed before giving the intrathecal injection and thereafter at 5 min intervals. Important side effects related to study drugs were also noted. RESULTS: Shivering after spinal anesthesia was comparatively better controlled in group receiving dexmedetomidine as compared to other groups (P = 0.022). However, the use of dexmedetomidine was associated with significant hypotension which responded to single dose of mephentermine (3 mg IV). Dexmedetomidine is a better agent for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia as compared to ketamine and tramadol. It also provides adequate sedation and improves the surgical conditions. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine is effective and comparably better than tramadol or ketamine in preventing shivering after spinal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine also provides sedation without respiratory depression and favorable surgical conditions. However, with its use a fall in blood pressure and heart rate is anticipated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6194821 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61948212018-10-31 Comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia Ameta, Nihar Jacob, Mathews Hasnain, Shahbaz Ramesh, Gaurishankar J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol Original Article BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Shivering after spinal anesthesia is a common complication and can occur in as many as 40%–70% of patients after regional anesthesia. This shivering, apart from its physiological and hemodynamic effects, has been described as even worse than surgical pain. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of prophylactic use of intravenous (IV) ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and tramadol for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients subjected to spinal anesthesia were included in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups to receive either ketamine 0.5 mg/kg IV or tramadol 0.5 mg/kg IV or dexmedetomidine 0.5 microgm/kg IV or 10 mL of 0.9% normal saline (NS). All the drugs/NS were administered as IV infusion over 10 min immediately before giving spinal anesthesia. Temperature (core and surface), heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation were assessed before giving the intrathecal injection and thereafter at 5 min intervals. Important side effects related to study drugs were also noted. RESULTS: Shivering after spinal anesthesia was comparatively better controlled in group receiving dexmedetomidine as compared to other groups (P = 0.022). However, the use of dexmedetomidine was associated with significant hypotension which responded to single dose of mephentermine (3 mg IV). Dexmedetomidine is a better agent for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia as compared to ketamine and tramadol. It also provides adequate sedation and improves the surgical conditions. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine is effective and comparably better than tramadol or ketamine in preventing shivering after spinal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine also provides sedation without respiratory depression and favorable surgical conditions. However, with its use a fall in blood pressure and heart rate is anticipated. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC6194821/ /pubmed/30386019 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_211_16 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Ameta, Nihar Jacob, Mathews Hasnain, Shahbaz Ramesh, Gaurishankar Comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia |
title | Comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia |
title_full | Comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia |
title_fullStr | Comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia |
title_short | Comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia |
title_sort | comparison of prophylactic use of ketamine, tramadol, and dexmedetomidine for prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30386019 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_211_16 |
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