Determination of five endosulfan pesticides in the fish pond water by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS

A simple and rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the extraction and analysis of five endosulfan pesticides from the fish pond water. In this work, different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of disperser solvent, and extraction time were studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the enrichment factor ranged from 189 to 269 and the relative recovery ranged from 88.5% to 94.9%. The linear range was 2.0–80.0 µg/L; the limits of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.04–1.06 µg/L and 0.12–3.53 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were in the range 0.94%–2.08% (n = 5). The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC–MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of endosulfan pesticides in fish pond water.