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Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective
Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming rate, almost tripling every decade. In 2017, it was the fifth most common cancer in women. Although the majority of thyroid tumors are curable, about 2–3% of thyroid cancers are refractory to standard treatments. These undifferentiated, highly ag...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6198524/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-018-0903-0 |
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author | Saini, Shikha Tulla, Kiara Maker, Ajay V. Burman, Kenneth D. Prabhakar, Bellur S. |
author_facet | Saini, Shikha Tulla, Kiara Maker, Ajay V. Burman, Kenneth D. Prabhakar, Bellur S. |
author_sort | Saini, Shikha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming rate, almost tripling every decade. In 2017, it was the fifth most common cancer in women. Although the majority of thyroid tumors are curable, about 2–3% of thyroid cancers are refractory to standard treatments. These undifferentiated, highly aggressive and mostly chemo-resistant tumors are phenotypically-termed anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). ATCs are resistant to standard therapies and are extremely difficult to manage. In this review, we provide the information related to current and recently emerged first-line systemic therapy (Dabrafenib and Trametinib) along with promising therapeutics which are in clinical trials and may be incorporated into clinical practice in the future. Different categories of promising therapeutics such as Aurora kinase inhibitors, multi-kinase inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, gene therapy using oncolytic viruses, apoptosis-inducing agents, and immunotherapy are reviewed. Combination treatment options that showed synergistic and antagonistic effects are also discussed. We highlight ongoing clinical trials in ATC and discuss how personalized medicine is crucial to design the second line of treatment. Besides using conventional combination therapy, embracing a personalized approach based on advanced genomics and proteomics assessment will be crucial to developing a tailored treatment plan to improve the chances of clinical success. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6198524 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61985242018-10-31 Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective Saini, Shikha Tulla, Kiara Maker, Ajay V. Burman, Kenneth D. Prabhakar, Bellur S. Mol Cancer Review Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming rate, almost tripling every decade. In 2017, it was the fifth most common cancer in women. Although the majority of thyroid tumors are curable, about 2–3% of thyroid cancers are refractory to standard treatments. These undifferentiated, highly aggressive and mostly chemo-resistant tumors are phenotypically-termed anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). ATCs are resistant to standard therapies and are extremely difficult to manage. In this review, we provide the information related to current and recently emerged first-line systemic therapy (Dabrafenib and Trametinib) along with promising therapeutics which are in clinical trials and may be incorporated into clinical practice in the future. Different categories of promising therapeutics such as Aurora kinase inhibitors, multi-kinase inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, gene therapy using oncolytic viruses, apoptosis-inducing agents, and immunotherapy are reviewed. Combination treatment options that showed synergistic and antagonistic effects are also discussed. We highlight ongoing clinical trials in ATC and discuss how personalized medicine is crucial to design the second line of treatment. Besides using conventional combination therapy, embracing a personalized approach based on advanced genomics and proteomics assessment will be crucial to developing a tailored treatment plan to improve the chances of clinical success. BioMed Central 2018-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6198524/ /pubmed/30352606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-018-0903-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Review Saini, Shikha Tulla, Kiara Maker, Ajay V. Burman, Kenneth D. Prabhakar, Bellur S. Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective |
title | Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective |
title_full | Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective |
title_fullStr | Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective |
title_short | Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective |
title_sort | therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6198524/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-018-0903-0 |
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