Patterns and correlates of purchasing cigarettes on Indian reservations among daily smokers in the United States

INTRODUCTION: We described the population of daily smokers purchasing cigarettes on Indian reservations (IRs), estimated the rates of cigarette purchasing on IRs for diverse populations of daily smokers in the U.S., and assessed the trends in the period from 2010–11 to 2014–15. METHODS: We used the 2010–11 and 2014–15 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey data for adult daily smokers as well as additional information, e.g., state excise tax on tobacco (n = 33,871). RESULTS: Daily smokers who purchased cigarettes on IRs were primarily 45+ years old, non-Hispanic (NH) White, resided in a state with an IR, paid less than $4.50 per pack, and purchased cigarettes in the state of their residency. The majority of purchases on IRs were made in New York (28%), Oklahoma (14%), Washington (10%), Arizona (9%), and Florida (6%). The rate of purchasing cigarettes on IRs decreased from 4% in 2010–11 to 3% in 2014–15 (p =0.012). The rates were higher for females than males (OR = 1.23, CI = 1.09:1.40) and heavy than non-heavy smokers (OR = 1.35, CI =1.17:1.55). Higher state excise tax on tobacco, on average, was associated with purchasing cigarettes on IRs. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of purchasing cigarettes on IRs is relatively low and has decreased in recent years. However, the rates differ across sociodemographic factors of daily smokers, including the state of residency and purchase. Purchasing cigarettes on IRs at lower prices can affect smokers’ intentions to quit and can reduce federal and state efforts toward a tobacco-free nation.