3D Markerless asymmetry analysis in the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

BACKGROUND: Three dimensional (3D) markerless asymmetry analysis was developed to assess and monitor the scoliotic curve. While the developed surface topography (ST) indices demonstrated a strong correlation with the Cobb angle and its change over time, it was reported that the method requires an expert for monitoring the procedure to prevent misclassification for some patients. Therefore, this study aimed at improving the user-independence level of the previously developed 3D markerless asymmetry analysis implementing a new asymmetry threshold without compromising its accuracy in identifying the progressive scoliotic curves. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 128 patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), with baseline and follow-up radiograph and surface topography assessments. The suggested “cut point” which was used to separate the deformed surfaces of the torso from the undeformed regions, automatically generated deviation patches corresponding to scoliotic curves for all analyzed surface topography scans. RESULTS: By changing the “cut point” in the asymmetry analysis for monitoring scoliotic curves progression, the sensitivity for identifying curve progression was increased from 68 to 75%, while the specificity was decreased from 74 to 59%, compared with the original method with different “cut point”. CONCLUSIONS: These results lead to a more conservative approach in monitoring of scoliotic curves in clinical applications; smaller number of radiographs would be saved, however the risk of having non-measured curves with progression would be decreased.