Testis sparing surgery for small testicular masses and frozen section assessment

INTRODUCTION: We present our experience with patients who had suspected testicular masses, managed by a frozen section assessment and testicular sparing surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all patients over the last 5 years, who underwent a frozen section assessment and testicular sparing surgery for small testicular lesions. The frozen section assessment was compared with the final histology. RESULTS: Twelve patients were identified. The mean age of patients was 40 years (22–58 years). The mean lesion size was 9.8 mm (3–18 mm). Presentations varied: a testicular lump was palpable in 7 patients and 3 patients were referred due to infertility with a subsequent ultrasound, which showed incidental testicular lesions. Two patients presented with testicular pain. Tumour marker levels were within the normal limits in all patients. The frozen section assessment correctly determined 10 out of 12 (83%) lesions, showing 1 (8%) lymphoma, 2 (17%) seminomas, 3 (25%) fibrosis, 3 (25%) low-grade Leydig cell tumours and 1 (8%) adenomatous tumour. The frozen section reported a benign epidermal cyst in 1 case, whilst the final histology showed a pre-pubertal type teratoma, a rare and low risk tumour. One patient (8%) had an indeterminate lesion, which proved to be a benign adenomatous tumour on final histology. All malignant cases were correctly identified. There was no malignancy in 9 out of 12 (75%) patients therefore they had testicular sparing surgery. Three patients had orchidectomy, two due to a seminoma and one due to an indeterminate lesion. One patient developed a postoperative haematoma requiring antibiotics but there were no other complications. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that partial orchidectomy with a frozen section assessment is useful in small testicular masses and testicular sparing surgery can be considered in order to prevent a radical orchidectomy in selected patients.