Diagnosis of chronic gastric instability using computed tomography in a Great Dane that progressed to gastric dilatation and volvulus: a literature review and case report

Chronic gastric instability (CGI) is part of the gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) complex and contributes to the pathophysiologic mechanism of volvulus. Clinical signs can be attributed to a flaccid and mobile stomach. This manuscript reviews the literature regarding CGI and presents a case where computerized tomography is utilized in combination with abdominal radiography to diagnose CGI in an 8 year old spayed female Great Dane. The patient presented for nonspecific clinical signs including hypersalivation, anorexia, and regurgitation, and was euthanized after failing medical management and developing acute abdominal pain. Necropsy revealed a distended stomach with 180(o) rotation along its long axis. This case demonstrates that CGI and GDV share a continuum, and cases of CGI may progress to GDV without prophylactic surgical intervention.