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Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases
There is insufficient evidence to support screening of various tick-borne diseases (TBD) related microbes alongside Borrelia in patients suffering from TBD. To evaluate the involvement of multiple microbial immune responses in patients experiencing TBD we utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206025/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374055 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34393-9 |
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author | Garg, Kunal Meriläinen, Leena Franz, Ole Pirttinen, Heidi Quevedo-Diaz, Marco Croucher, Stephen Gilbert, Leona |
author_facet | Garg, Kunal Meriläinen, Leena Franz, Ole Pirttinen, Heidi Quevedo-Diaz, Marco Croucher, Stephen Gilbert, Leona |
author_sort | Garg, Kunal |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is insufficient evidence to support screening of various tick-borne diseases (TBD) related microbes alongside Borrelia in patients suffering from TBD. To evaluate the involvement of multiple microbial immune responses in patients experiencing TBD we utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Four hundred and thirty-two human serum samples organized into seven categories followed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention two-tier Lyme disease (LD) diagnosis guidelines and Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines for post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. All patient categories were tested for their immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) responses against 20 microbes associated with TBD. Our findings recognize that microbial infections in patients suffering from TBDs do not follow the one microbe, one disease Germ Theory as 65% of the TBD patients produce immune responses to various microbes. We have established a causal association between TBD patients and TBD associated co-infections and essential opportunistic microbes following Bradford Hill’s criteria. This study indicated an 85% probability that a randomly selected TBD patient will respond to Borrelia and other related TBD microbes rather than to Borrelia alone. A paradigm shift is required in current healthcare policies to diagnose TBD so that patients can get tested and treated even for opportunistic infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6206025 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62060252018-11-01 Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases Garg, Kunal Meriläinen, Leena Franz, Ole Pirttinen, Heidi Quevedo-Diaz, Marco Croucher, Stephen Gilbert, Leona Sci Rep Article There is insufficient evidence to support screening of various tick-borne diseases (TBD) related microbes alongside Borrelia in patients suffering from TBD. To evaluate the involvement of multiple microbial immune responses in patients experiencing TBD we utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Four hundred and thirty-two human serum samples organized into seven categories followed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention two-tier Lyme disease (LD) diagnosis guidelines and Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines for post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. All patient categories were tested for their immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) responses against 20 microbes associated with TBD. Our findings recognize that microbial infections in patients suffering from TBDs do not follow the one microbe, one disease Germ Theory as 65% of the TBD patients produce immune responses to various microbes. We have established a causal association between TBD patients and TBD associated co-infections and essential opportunistic microbes following Bradford Hill’s criteria. This study indicated an 85% probability that a randomly selected TBD patient will respond to Borrelia and other related TBD microbes rather than to Borrelia alone. A paradigm shift is required in current healthcare policies to diagnose TBD so that patients can get tested and treated even for opportunistic infections. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6206025/ /pubmed/30374055 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34393-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Garg, Kunal Meriläinen, Leena Franz, Ole Pirttinen, Heidi Quevedo-Diaz, Marco Croucher, Stephen Gilbert, Leona Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases |
title | Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases |
title_full | Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases |
title_fullStr | Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases |
title_short | Evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases |
title_sort | evaluating polymicrobial immune responses in patients suffering from tick-borne diseases |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206025/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374055 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34393-9 |
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