Efficacy and safety of growth hormone treatment in Japanese children with small-for-gestational-age short stature in accordance with Japanese guidelines

The efficacy and safety of recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment were assessed in Japanese children with small-for-gestational-age short stature. A total of 88 patients were enrolled in the comparative and extension studies. At the end of the comparative study (24 mo), the mean height SD score for chronological age had significantly increased in the 0.23 mg/kg/wk and 0.47 mg/kg/wk groups with increments of 0.84 ± 0.42 and 1.50 ± 0.44 SD, respectively. In the extension study, the dose could be increased based on the pre-defined growth criteria. Increments in height SD scores over the 24 to 36 mo period at doses of 0.23 mg/kg/wk, 0.23 to 0.47 mg/kg/wk, and 0.47 mg/kg/wk were 0.25 ± 0.28, 0.46 ± 0.21, and 0.28 ± 0.16 SD, respectively. The growth effect increased following dose escalation even in the low responders in the initial 2-yr treatment at 0.23 mg/kg/wk, indicating the effectiveness of dose escalation in accordance with the Japanese guidelines. rhGH at 0.47 mg/kg/wk provided a greater degree of growth promotion after 24 mo. The safety profile appeared to be tolerable and was similar in all groups. Considering the increased insulin resistance, the recommendations of the regulatory authorities should be followed to minimize the risks of rhGH treatment.